TSEA: An Open Source Python-Based Annotation Tool for Time Series Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the Time Series Event Annotator (TSEA), a graphical user interface annotation tool for time series data that enables rapid visualization, labeling, and annotation of signals, including individual points and ranges. Time series data are common to a variety of applications. Oftentimes there is a need to label segments and/or points of the signals, highlighting important elements that are later used for feature extraction or for signal analysis. A number of illustrative applications of the developed tool are discussed, particularly for the detection of "R" peaks from electrocardiogram signals. While algorithms for detection of "R" peaks can achieve good results when applied to an electrocardiogram signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio, they often lead to incorrect detections in the presence of noise or motion artifact commonly found in clinical setups. In such cases, the Time Series Event Annotator (TSEA) enables efficient imputing of missed or incorrect "R" peak detections, leading to increased data integrity for downstream analysis, at minimum cost. Considering that data cleaning often represents the majority of effort when developing a new machine learning pipeline, our annotation tool will accelerate the development of a wide range of new machine learning applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.047 | 0.024 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".