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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The synthesis, structural, and magnetic characterization of the series ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{1+x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ ($0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.5$) with the ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{F}}_{4}$-type structure are reported. We previously found that the $x=0.2$ member exhibits the very rare anisotropic spin-glass behavior with only the $c$-axis spin component freezing below ${T}_{\mathrm{g}}$. Here we show that each member of the ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{1+x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ ($0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.4$) series exhibits the same spin-glass behavior. Moreover, ${T}_{\mathrm{g}}$ varies with $x$, reaching a maximum of 26.4(4) K for $x=0.20$ compared with 19.2(2) K for $x=0$. The spin-glass behavior was confirmed by both dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. No long-range magnetic order was found down to 2 K. All series members adopt the $I4/mmm$ space group and subtle structural transformations occur with increasing La content. The unit cell volume contracts for $0.0 0.2$ a mixed +2/+3 oxidation state was found. Therefore, for the charge balance, samples with $x\ensuremath{\le}0.2$ contain excess oxygen as an interstitial species, while for $x>0.2$, the structure cannot sustain any more interstitial oxygen and the La excess is accommodated through the reduction of some ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ to ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$. Based on the oxidation state of Mn, the possible origins of the spin-glass magnetism in the ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{1+x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ series are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".