Los métodos de la reforma informal (The Methods of Informal Amendment)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spanish Abstract: Los academicos han mostrado que las constituciones escritas pueden ser reformadas de manera informal con efectos similares a los que tendria una reforma formal. Pese a ello, los diversos metodos de reforma informal aun no estan bien organizados para poder analizarlos y compararlos. En este articulo examino las formas de la reforma informal, las clasifico como convencionales y no convencionales y propongo un tipo de reforma informal que aun no ha sido apreciado ni teorizado: el desuso constitucional. La desuetud constitucional ocurre cuando una regla constitucional escrita pierde sus cualidades vinculantes sobre los actuales actores politicos como resultado de su desuso consciente y constante y del repudio publico por parte de los actores politicos que los precedieron. El desuso constitucional se asemeja –pero a la vez se diferencia– de las demas formas de reforma informal: es similar porque cambia los significados de las disposiciones constitucionales sin alterar el texto constitucional, pero es diferente en el entendido de que conduce a que la Constitucion pierda validez politica pese a que se mantiene intacto el texto. En este estudio utilizo el ejemplo de la Constitucion de Canada para ilustrar el fenomeno del desuso constitucional. English Abstract: Scholars have shown that codified constitutions may be amended informally with similar effect as a formal amendment. Yet the many forms of informal amendment are not well organized for analysis and comparison. In this article, I examine the forms of informal amendment, I classify them as either conventional and unconventional forms of informal amendment, and I subsequently introduce an as-yet underappreciated and undertheorized form of informal amendment: constitutional desuetude. Constitutional desuetude occurs when a codified constitutional rule loses its binding quality upon political actors as a result of its conscious sustained disuse and public repudiation by preceding political actors. Constitutional desuetude both resembles and differs from other forms of informal amendment: it is similar because it changes constitutional meaning without altering the constitutional text yet it is different because it renders the constitutional text politically invalid though it remains codified and unchanged. I draw from the Constitution of Canada to illustrate the phenomenon of desuetude.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it