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Observation of Cosmic Ray Anisotropy with Nine Years of IceCube Data
Frank McNally, M. Ackermann, Jenni Adams, Timothy Aguado, Juanan Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Maryon Ahrens, Cyril Martin Alispach, A. A. Alves, Najia Moureen Binte Amin, Rui An, K. Andeen, Tyler Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Yosuke Ashida, Spencer Axani, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, Anastasia Maria Barbano, S. W. Barwick, Benjamin Bastian, Vedant Basu, S. Baur, Ryan Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, Chiara Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, Matthias Boddenberg, Federico Bontempo, Jürgen Borowka, S. Böser, O. Botner, Jakob Boettcher, Etienne Bourbeau, Federica Bradascio, J. M. Braun, S. Bron, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, Sally-Ann Browne, A. Burgman, Ryan T. Burley, Raffaela Busse, Michael Campana, Erin Carnie-Bronca, Chujie Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, Brian Clark, Kenneth Clark, Lew Classen, Alan Coleman, Gabriel Collin, J. M. Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, Christian Dappen, Pranav Dave, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, H.-P. Dembinski, Kunal Deoskar, Sam De Ridder, Abhishek Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, Meike De With, T. DeYoung, Sukeerthi Dharani, Alejandro Díaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Markus Dittmer, Hrvoje Dujmović, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, Emily Dvorak, Thomas Ehrhardt, P. Eller, Ralph Engel, Hannah Erpenbeck, J. C. Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, A. R. Fazely, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, Aaron Fienberg, Kirill Filimonov, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, Alexander Fritz, Philipp Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. S. Gallagher, Erik Ganster, Alfonso Garcia, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, Christian Gläser, Theo Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, Javier Gonzalez, Sreetama Goswami, Darren Grant, T. Grégoire, Spencer Griswold, Katherine Gruchot, Mehmet Gündüz, Christoph Günther, Christian Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, Martin Ha Minh, K. Hanson, John Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, A. Haungs, Simon Hauser, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, Felix Henningsen, Emma C. Hettinger, Stephanie Hickford, Joshua Hignight, Colton Hill, G. C. Hill, Kara Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, Tobias Hoinka, Benjamin Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, Matthias Huber, Thomas Huber, K. Hultqvist, Mirco Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, Seongjin In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, Matti Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, Minjin Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, Xinyue Kang, A. Kappes, David Kappesser, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, Moritz Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, Ali Kheirandish, Ken'ichi Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, Tomas Kontrimas, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, Sandro Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, Michael Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, Tetiana Kozynets, Emma Kun, Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, Neha Navnitkumar Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, Jiwoong Lee, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Yijia Li, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Maria Liubarska, Elisa Lohfink, Cristian Jesús Lozano Mariscal, Lu Lü, Francesco Lucarelli, Andrew Ludwig, William Luszczak, Yang Lyu, W. Y., J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Yuya Makino, Sarah Mancina, Ioana Codrina Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, Thomas McElroy, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, Andrés Medina, Maximilian Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, Jessie Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, Marjon Moulai, Andrew Moy, Richard Naab, R. Nagai, Uwe Naumann, Jannis Necker, Le Viet Nguyen, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, Sarah Nowicki, Dave Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, Marie Oehler, A. Olivas, Erin O’Sullivan, Hershal Pandya, D. V. Pankova, Nahee Park, Grant Parker, Ek Narayan Paudel, Larissa Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Lilly Peters, Josh Peterson, Saskia Philippen, D. Pieloth, Sarah Pieper, Martin Pittermann, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Yuiry Popovych, Alessio Porcelli, Maria Prado Rodriguez, P. Buford Price, B. Pries, G. T. Przybylski, Christoph Raab, Amirreza Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, Abdul Rehman, Patrick Reichherzer, R. Reimann, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, Simeon Reusch, W. Rhode, Mike Richman, Benedikt Riedel, Ella Roberts, Sally Robertson, Gerrit Roellinghoff, Martin Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, Devyn Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, Julian Saffer, Sebastian Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, Sourav Sarkar, K. Satalecka, Maximilian Karl Scharf, Merlin Schaufel, H. Schieler, Sebastian Schindler, P. Schlunder, Torsten Schmidt, A. Schneider, Judith Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Georg Schwefer, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, Ankur Sharma, S. Shefali, M. Silva, Alexander Simmons, Barbara Skrzypek, Ben Smithers, Robert Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, Dennis Soldin, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, Christian Spiering, Juliana Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, Robert Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, Timo Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter–Antonyan, Andrew K. Thorpe, S. Tilav, Franziska Tischbein, Kirsten Tollefson, Lenka Tomankova, Christoph Tönnis, S. Toscano, Delia Tosi, Alexander Trettin, Maria Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, Roxanne Turcotte, Colin Turley, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, Bunheng Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. V. Santen, Stef Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, Timothyblake Watson, Chris Weaver, Philip Weigel, Andreas Weindl, Matthew Weiss, Jan Weldert, Chris Wendt, Johannes Werthebach, Mark Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, Dawn Williams, Martin Wolf, Hannah Woodward, K. Woschnagg, Gerrit Wrede, Johan Wilfried Wulff, Xianwu Xu, Yiqian Xu, Juan Pablo Yáñez, S. Yoshida, Shiqi Yu, Tianlu Yuan, Zelong Zhang
Bibliographic record
VenueProceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021) · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Alberta
FundersOffice of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsRWTH Aachen UniversityVetenskapsrådetKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungOffice of Polar ProgramsFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetMichigan State UniversityMarquette UniversityUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonU.S. Department of EnergyNational Science Foundation
KeywordsCosmic rayPhysicsObservatoryNorthern HemisphereMuonEvent (particle physics)Range (aeronautics)AnisotropyAstrophysicsAstronomyCOSMIC cancer databasePierre Auger ObservatoryNuclear physics
Abstract
The IceCube Observatory has collected over 577 billion cosmic-ray induced muon events in its final configuration from May 2011 to May 2020. We used this data set to provide an unprecedented statistically accurate map of the cosmic ray arrival direction distribution in the TeV-PeV energy range scale in the Southern Hemisphere. Such an increase in event statistics makes it possible to extend the sensitivity to anisotropies at higher cosmic ray energies and smaller angular scales. It will also facilitate a more detailed assessment of the observatory stability over both short- and long-time scales. This will enable us to study the time variability of the cosmic ray anisotropy on a yearly-base and over the entire data sample period covering most of the solar cycle 24. We present the preliminary results from the study with the extended event sample.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.015
Threshold uncertainty score0.031
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.032
GPT teacher head0.256
Teacher spread0.224 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations6
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes