Levels of serum ecto‐nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) predicts severity of abdominal aortic calcification in end‐stage renal disease patients receiving regular dialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between serum ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) level and severity of abdominal vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving dialysis. METHODS: A total of 124 patients were consecutively enrolled into the study in our local institution. Based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines and recommendations, abdomen lateral X-ray was used to determine abdominal aortic calcification score (AACS) for each patient at enrollment. Patients were divided into three groups based on AACS: no or mild calcification group, moderate calcification group, and severe calcification group. The relationships between ENPP1 levels and AACS were assessed by Spearman analysis and the value of ENPP1 in predicting severity of abdominal aortic calcification was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC). RESULTS: The level of ENPP1 in dialysis patients was (7.68 ± 1.67) ng/ml. There was no significant difference in serum ENPP1 level between peritoneal dialysis patients and hemodialysis patients (p > 0.05). The AACS of dialysis patients was negatively correlated with ENPP1 value (r = -0.70). Compared to no/mild calcification patients, the levels of serum ENPP1 in patients with moderate/severe calcification were decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The severity of vascular calcification was correlated with serum ENPP1 value, the severer the vascular calcification, the lower the serum ENPP1 level, and the difference was statistically significant (all p < 0.05). The area under ROC curve of ENPP1 was 0.90, the corresponding sensitivity was 0.86, and the specificity was 0.87. CONCLUSION: Levels of serum ENPP1 in non-diabetic ESRD patients are negatively related to the severity of abdominal aortic vascular calcification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".