Numerical Solution of Radioactive Core Decay Activity Rate of Actinium Series Using Matrix Algebra Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Actinium 235 series is one of the radioactive series which is widely used as a raw material for reactors and nuclear activities. The existence of this series is found in several countries such as West USA, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Russia, and Zaire. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity value and the number of radioactive nucleus decay atoms on the actinium 235 rendered in a very long decay time of 4.3 x 109 years. The decay count in this study uses an algebraic matrix method to simplify the chain decay solution, which generally uses the concept of differential equations. The solution using this method can be computationally simulated using the Matlab program. This study indicates that the value of the decay activity experienced by each element in this series is the same, which is equal to 2,636 x 1011 Bq. This condition causes the actinium 235 series to experience secular equilibrium because the half-life of the parent nuclide is greater than the nuclide derivatives. The decay activity of the radioactive nucleus under the actinium 235 series is strongly influenced by the half-life of the nuclides, the decay constants, and the number of atoms after decay
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".