Invasive grass causes biotic homogenization in wetland birds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Plant invasions often lead to homogenization of the plant community, but the potential for plant invasions to cause homogenization of other trophic levels is under-studied in many systems. We tested whether the bird community in Phragmites australis- invaded marsh would exhibit spatial and temporal taxonomic homogenization compared to remnant cattail and meadow marsh. We compared the bird community using marsh invaded by P. australis and remnant, uninvaded marsh vegetation in a year with average water depths and a year with above-average water depths in the coastal marshes of a World Biosphere Reserve. Our results demonstrate strong evidence for spatial and temporal homogenization of the wetland bird community following P. australis invasion. The birds present in P. australis -invaded marsh were a nested subset of those present in remnant marsh, and total beta diversity decreased when water depths were above average. In contrast, total beta diversity was high in remnant marsh vegetation and stable between the two years. The distinctively structured vegetation zones in remnant (uninvaded) marsh yields structural complexity and habitat heterogeneity that supports greater taxonomic turnover in the bird community. Our study provides evidence that invasion by a plant has resulted in biological homogenization of the wetland bird community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".