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Sensitivity studies for the IceCube-Gen2 radio array
S. Hallmann, M. Ackermann, Jenni Adams, Juanan Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Maryon Ahrens, Cyril Martin Alispach, P. Allison, A. A. Alves, Najia Moureen Binte Amin, Rui An, K. Andeen, Tyler Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, T. C. Arlen, Yosuke Ashida, Spencer Axani, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, Anastasia Maria Barbano, I. Bartos, S. W. Barwick, Benjamin Bastian, Vedant Basu, S. Baur, Ryan Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, Chiara Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, Abigail Bishop, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, Matthias Boddenberg, M. Böhmer, Federico Bontempo, Jürgen Borowka, S. Böser, O. Botner, Jakob Boettcher, Etienne Bourbeau, Federica Bradascio, J. Braun, Stephanie Bron, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, Sally-Ann Browne, A. Burgman, Ryan T. Burley, Raffaela Busse, Michael Campana, Erin Carnie-Bronca, Maddalena Cataldo, Chujie Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, Brian Clark, Kenneth L. Clark, Rogan Clark, Lew Classen, Alan Coleman, Gabriel Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, Christian Dappen, Pranav Dave, Cosmin Deaconu, C. De Clercq, Simon De Kockere, James DeLaunay, H.-P. Dembinski, Kunal Deoskar, Sam De Ridder, Abhishek Desai, P. Desiati, Krijn de Vries, G. de Wasseige, Meike De With, T. DeYoung, Sukeerthi Dharani, Alejandro Díaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Markus Dittmer, Hrvoje Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, Emily Dvorak, Thomas Ehrhardt, P. Eller, Ralph Engel, Hannah Erpenbeck, John Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, Kareem Ramadan Farrag, A. R. Fazely, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, Aaron Fienberg, Кирилл Филимонов, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, Alexander Fritz, Philipp Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. S. Gallagher, Erik Ganster, Alfonso Garcia, Simone Garrappa, Andreas Gärtner, L. Gerhardt, Roman August Gernhaeuser, Pawan Giri, Christian Gläser, Theo Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, Javier González, Sreetama Goswami, Darren Grant, T. Grégoire, Spencer Griswold, Mehmet Gündüz, Christoph Günther, Christian Haack, Allan Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, Martin Ha Minh, K. Hanson, John Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, Jim Haugen, A. Haungs, Simon Hauser, Dustin Hebecker, D. Heinen, K. Helbing, Brian Hendricks, Felix Henningsen, Emma C. Hettinger, Stephanie Hickford, Joshua Hignight, Colton Hill, G. C. Hill, Kara Hoffman, Benjamin D. Hoffmann, R. Hoffmann, Tobias Hoinka, Benjamin Hokanson-Fasig, K. Holzapfel, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, Matthias Huber, Thomas Huber, T. Huege, K. Hughes, K. Hultqvist, Mirco Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, Seongjin In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, Matti Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, Minjin Jeong, Ben Jones, O. Kalekin, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, Xinyue Kang, A. Kappes, David Kappesser, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, T. Katori, U. Katz, M. Kauer, A. Keivani, Moritz Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, Ali Kheirandish, Ken'ichi Kin, T. Kintscher, Joanna Kiryluk, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, Tomas Kontrimas, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, Sandro Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, Michael Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, Tetiana Kozynets, C. B. Krauss, Ilya Kravchenko, Ryan Krebs, Emma Kun, Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, Neha Navnitkumar Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, Justin Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, Jiwoong Lee, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Yijia Li, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Maria Liubarska, Elisa Lohfink, John LoSecco, Cristian Jesús Lozano Mariscal, Lu Lü, Francesco Lucarelli, Andrew Ludwig, William Luszczak, Yang Lyu, W. Y., J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Yuya Makino, Sarah Mancina, Shivesh Mandalia, Ioana Codrina Mariş, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, Thomas McElroy, Frank McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, Andrés Medina, Maximilian Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, Z. S. Meyers, Jessie Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, Marjon Moulai, Richard Naab, R. Nagai, Uwe Naumann, Jannis Necker, A. Nelles, Le Viet Nguyen, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, Sarah Nowicki, Dave Nygren, Eric Oberla, A. Obertacke Pollmann, Marie Oehler, A. Olivas, Anastasiia Omeliukh, Erin O’Sullivan, Hershal Pandya, D. V. Pankova, László Papp, Nahee Park, Grant Parker, Ek Narayan Paudel, Larissa Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Lilly Peters, T. C. Petersen, Josh Peterson, Saskia Philippen, D. Pieloth, Sarah Pieper, J. L. Pinfold, Martin Pittermann, A. Pizzuto, Ilse Plaisier, M. Plum, Yuiry Popovych, Alessio Porcelli, Maria Prado Rodriguez, P. Buford Price, B. Pries, G. T. Przybylski, Lilly Pyras, Christoph Raab, Amirreza Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, Abdul Rehman, Patrick Reichherzer, R. Reimann, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, Simeon Reusch, W. Rhode, Mike Richman, Benedikt Riedel, Michael Riegel, Ella Roberts, Sally Robertson, Gerrit Roellinghoff, Martin Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, Devyn Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, Julian Saffer, Sebastian Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, J. Sandroos, P. Sandstrom, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, Sourav Sarkar, Konstancja Satalecka, Maximilian Karl Scharf, Merlin Schaufel, H. Schieler, Sebastian Schindler, P. Schlunder, Torsten Schmidt, A. Schneider, Judith Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Georg Schwefer, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, M. H. Shaevitz, Ankur Sharma, S. Shefali, M. Silva, Barbara Skrzypek, Daniel Smith, Ben Smithers, Robert Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, Dennis Soldin, S. Söldner‐Rembold, Daniel Southall, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, Juliana Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, Robert Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, Timo Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, A. Taketa, Hiroyuki Tanaka, F. Tenholt, S. Ter–Antonyan, S. Tilav, Franziska Tischbein, Kirsten Tollefson, Lenka Tomankova, Christoph Tönnis, Jorge Torres, S. Toscano, Delia Tosi, Alexander Trettin, Maria Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, Roxanne Turcotte, Colin Turley, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, Bunheng Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. V. Santen, Darko Veberič, Stef Verpoest, A. G. Vieregg, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, Timothyblake Watson, Chris Weaver, Philip Weigel, Andreas Weindl, Lars Steffen Weinstock, Matthew Weiss, Jan Weldert, Christoph Welling, Chris Wendt, Johannes Werthebach, Mark Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, Dawn Williams, Stephanie Wissel, Martin Wolf, K. Woschnagg, Gerrit Wrede, Steven Wren, Johan Wilfried Wulff, Xianwu Xu, Yiqian Xu, Juan Pablo Yáñez, S. Yoshida, Shiqi Yu, Tianlu Yuan, Zelong Zhang, Simon Zierke
Bibliographic record
VenueProceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021) · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersOffice of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronScience and Technology Facilities CouncilNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaOffice of Polar ProgramsCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsInstitute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityChiba UniversityKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseVillum FondenNational Research Foundation of KoreaFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekMarsden FundBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungNational Science FoundationBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftMichigan State UniversityNational Research FoundationWestern Canada Research GridFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetUniversity of OxfordCompute CanadaMarquette UniversityUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonU.S. Department of EnergyVetenskapsrådet
KeywordsNeutrinoPhysicsCosmic raySensitivity (control systems)Neutrino detectorFlux (metallurgy)DetectorCOSMIC cancer databaseObservatoryAntenna (radio)AstronomyNeutrino oscillationRemote sensingParticle physicsComputer scienceOpticsElectronic engineeringTelecommunications
Abstract
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole has measured the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux up to $\sim$PeV energies and is starting to identify first point source candidates. The next generation facility, IceCube-Gen2, aims at extending the accessible energy range to EeV in order to measure the continuation of the astrophysical spectrum, to identify neutrino sources, and to search for a cosmogenic neutrino flux. As part of IceCube-Gen2, a radio array is foreseen that is sensitive to detect Askaryan emission of neutrinos beyond $\sim$30 PeV. Surface and deep antenna stations have different benefits in terms of effective area, resolution, and the capability to reject backgrounds from cosmic-ray air showers and may be combined to reach the best sensitivity. The optimal detector configuration is still to be identified. This contribution presents the full-array simulation efforts for a combination of deep and surface antennas, and compares different design options with respect to their sensitivity to fulfil the science goals of IceCube-Gen2.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.141
Threshold uncertainty score0.955
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.033
GPT teacher head0.282
Teacher spread0.248 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations50
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes