Analysis of the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) immune response during immunostimulation and Veronaea botryosa infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Systemic phaeohyphomycosis caused by Veronaea botryosa is regarded as an important emerging mycotic disease of sturgeon aquaculture. However, no vaccines or treatments are currently available. The effects of dietary β-glucan supplementation on resistance to V. botryosa infection was examined in controlled challenges by exposing immunostimulated and control fish to ~7.25 × 105 fungal spores/fish via intra-muscular injection. Six weeks post-challenge, cumulative mortality was determined and antibodies to acute phase-proteins (APP) were used to quantify the conserved APP peptides in the serum of challenged and control fish using Western blot. Transcript levels for all tested pro-inflammatory cytokines, APP, and regulatory cytokines in the spleen were similar amongst treatments at the end of the three-week feeding period. However, significantly higher survival occurred in fingerlings fed 0.3% β-glucans compared to non-immunostimulated fish groups (p < 0.05) six weeks post-challenge. A strong proinflammatory response was detected in exposed treatment groups, and greater survival at 6 weeks was associated with higher transcript abundance of Il-17 in fish fed β-glucans. Findings support the important role of this cytokine in response to fungal infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".