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A novel microstructure based model to explain the IceCube ice anisotropy
Martin Rongen, M. Ackermann, Jenni Adams, Juanan Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Maryon Ahrens, Cyril Martin Alispach, A. A. Alves, Najia Moureen Binte Amin, Rui An, K. Andeen, Tyler Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Yosuke Ashida, Spencer Axani, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, Anastasia Maria Barbano, S. W. Barwick, Benjamin Bastian, Vedant Basu, S. Baur, Ryan Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, Chiara Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, Dominique Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, Matthias Boddenberg, Federico Bontempo, Jurgen Borowka, S. Böser, O. Botner, Jakob Boettcher, Etienne Bourbeau, Federica Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, Sally-Ann Browne, A. Burgman, Ryan T. Burley, Raffaela Busse, Michael Campana, Erin Carnie-Bronca, Chujie Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, Brian Clark, Kenneth Clark, Lew Classen, Alan Coleman, Gabriel Collin, J. M. Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, Christian Dappen, Pranav Dave, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, H.-P. Dembinski, Kunal Deoskar, Sam De Ridder, Abhishek Desai, P. Desiati, Krijn de Vries, G. de Wasseige, Meike De With, T. DeYoung, Sukeerthi Dharani, Alejandro Díaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Markus Dittmer, Hrvoje Dujmović, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, Emily Dvorak, Thomas Ehrhardt, P. Eller, Ralph Engel, Hannah Erpenbeck, John Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, A. R. Fazely, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, Aaron Fienberg, Kirill Filimonov, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, Elizabeth Friedman, Alexander Fritz, Philipp Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. S. Gallagher, Erik Ganster, Alfonso García, Simone Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, L. Gerhardt, Christian Gläser, Theo Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, Javier González, Sreetama Goswami, Darren Grant, T. Grégoire, Spencer Griswold, Mehmet Gündüz, Christoph Günther, Christian Haack, Allan Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, Martin Ha Minh, Kael Hanson, John Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, A. Haungs, Simon Hauser, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, Felix Henningsen, Emma C. Hettinger, Stephanie Hickford, Joshua Hignight, Colton Hill, G. C. Hill, Kara Hoffman, Ruth Hoffmann, Tobias Hoinka, Benjamin Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, Matthias Huber, Thomas S. Huber, K. Hultqvist, Mirco Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, Seongjin In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, Matti Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, Minjin Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, Xinyue Kang, A. Kappes, David Kappesser, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, Moritz Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, Ali Kheirandish, Ken'ichi Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, Tomas Kontrimas, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, Sandro Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, Michael Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, Tetiana Kozynets, Emma Kun, Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, Neha Navnitkumar Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, Jiwoong Lee, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Yijia Li, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Maria Liubarska, Elisa Lohfink, Cristian Jesús Lozano Mariscal, Lu Lü, Francesco Lucarelli, Andrew Ludwig, William Luszczak, Yang Lyu, W. Y., J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Yuya Makino, Sarah Mancina, Ioana Codrina Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, Thomas McElroy, Frank McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, Andrés Medina, Maximilian Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, Jessie Micallef, Daniela Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, Marjon Moulai, Richard Naab, R. Nagai, Uwe Naumann, Jannis Necker, Le Viet Nguyen, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, Sarah Nowicki, Dave Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, Marie Oehler, A. Olivas, Erin O'Sullivan, Hershal Pandya, D. V. Pankova, Nahee Park, Grant Parker, Ek Narayan Paudel, Larissa Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Lilly Peters, Josh Peterson, Saskia Philippen, D. Pieloth, Sarah Pieper, Martin Pittermann, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Yuiry Popovych, Alessio Porcelli, Maria Prado Rodriguez, P. Buford Price, B. Pries, G. T. Przybylski, Christoph Raab, Amirreza Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, Abdul Rehman, Patrick Reichherzer, R. Reimann, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, Simeon Reusch, W. Rhode, Mike Richman, Benedikt Riedel, Ella Roberts, Sally Robertson, Gerrit Roellinghoff, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, Devyn Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, Julian Saffer, Sebastian Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, Joakim Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, Sourav Sarkar, Konstancja Satalecka, Maximilian Karl Scharf, Merlin Schaufel, H. Schieler, Sebastian Schindler, P. Schlunder, Torsten C. Schmidt, A. Schneider, Judith Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Georg Schwefer, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, Ankur Sharma, S. Shefali, M. Silva, Barbara Skrzypek, Ben Smithers, Robert Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, Dennis Soldin, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, Christian Spiering, Juliana Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, Robert Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, Timo Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter–Antonyan, S. Tilav, Franziska Tischbein, Kirsten Tollefson, Lenka Tomankova, Christoph Tönnis, S. Toscano, Delia Tosi, Alexander Trettin, Maria Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, Roxanne Turcotte, Colin Turley, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, Bunheng Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, Justin Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. V. Santen, Stef Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, Timothyblake Watson, Chris Weaver, Philip Weigel, Andreas Weindl, Matthew Weiss, Jan Weldert, Chris Wendt, Johannes Werthebach, Mark Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, Dawn Williams, Martin Wolf, K. Woschnagg, Gerrit Wrede, Johan Wilfried Wulff, Xianwu Xu, Yiqian Xu, Juan Pablo Yáñez, S. Yoshida, Shiqi Yu, Tianlu Yuan, Zelong Zhang
Bibliographic record
VenueProceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021) · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Alberta
FundersOffice of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsNational Science FoundationSantenFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMarquette UniversityScience and Technology Facilities CouncilMichigan State UniversityOffice of Polar ProgramsFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSU.S. Department of Energy
KeywordsCherenkov radiationPhysicsAnisotropyNeutrinoIce crystalsBirefringenceOpticsDetectorComputational physicsNuclear physics
Abstract
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory instruments about 1 km$^3$ of deep, glacial ice at the geographic South Pole using 5160 photomultipliers to detect Cherenkov light of charged relativistic particles. Most of IceCube's science goals rely heavily on an ever more precise understanding of the optical properties of the instrumented ice. A curious light propagation effect observed by the experiment is an anisotropic attenuation, which is aligned with the local flow of the ice. Having recently identified curved photon trajectories resulting from asymmetric light diffusion in the birefringent polycrystalline microstructure of the ice as the most likely underlying cause of this effect, work is now ongoing to optimize the model parameters (effectively deducing the average crystal size and shape in the detector). We present the parametrization of the birefringence effect in our photon propagation simulation, the fitting procedures and results as well as the impact of the new ice model on data-MC agreement.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.389
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.248
Teacher spread0.228 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations6
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes