An upper bound and finiteness criteria for the Galois group of weighted walks with rational coefficients in the quarter plane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using Mazur’s theorem on torsions of elliptic curves, an upper bound 24 for the order of the finite Galois group <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ℋ</mml:mi> </mml:math> associated with weighted walks in the quarter plane <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>ℤ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> is obtained. The explicit criterion for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ℋ</mml:mi> </mml:math> to have order 4 or 6 is rederived by simple geometric arguments. Using division polynomials, a recursive criterion for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ℋ</mml:mi> </mml:math> to have order <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is also obtained. As a corollary, an explicit criterion for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ℋ</mml:mi> </mml:math> to have order 8 is given through a method simpler than the existing one.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".