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Lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for critically ill patients with COVID-19: REMAP-CAP randomized controlled trial
Yaseen M. Arabi, Anthony Gordon, Lennie Derde, Alistair Nichol, Farah Al Beidh, Djillali Annane, Lolowa Al Swaidan, Richard Beasley, Lindsay R. Berry, Marc J. M. Bonten, Charlotte Bradbury, Frank M. Brunkhorst, Adrian Buzgau, Menno D. de Jong, Michelle A. Detry, Eamon Duffy, Lise J Estcourt, Mark Fitzgerald, Timothy D. Girard, Ewan C. Goligher, Herman Goossens, Alisa M. Higgins, Thomas Hills, Christopher M. Horvat, Andrew J. King, Patrick R. Lawler, Roger Lewis, Kelsey Linstrum, Elizabeth Lorenzi, Salim Malakouti, Daniel F. McAuley, Anna McGlothlin, Bryan J. McVerry, Stephanie K. Montgomery, Susan C. Morpeth, Paul Mouncey, Katrina Orr, Rachael Parke, Asad E. Patanwala, Kathy Rowan, Marlene Santos, Christina Saunders, Manu Shankar‐Hari, Steven Y. C. Tong, Alexis F. Turgeon, Anne Turner, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, John C. Marshall, Derek Angus, Steven Webb, Abi Beane, Wilma van Bentum-Puijk, Meredith Buxton, Edward Litton, Shay McGuinness, Christopher W. Seymour, Lewis Campbell, Andrew Forbes, Stéphane Héritier, Sandra Peake, Ian Seppelt, Tony Trapani, Paul J. Young, Zahra Bhimani, Brian H. Cuthbertson, François Lamontagne, Venika Manoharan, Diptesh Aryal, Arjen Dondrop, Madiha Hashmi, Issrah Jawad, Deva Jayakumar, Srinivas Murthy, Timo Tolppa, Vanessa Singh, Scott Berry, Maurizio Cecconi, Stéphan Ehrmann, Lorraine Parker, Mathias W. Pletz, Pedro Póvoa, Gernot Rohde, Steve Webb, Brian Alexander, Florian Mayr, Nick Daneman, David Gattas, Steve McGloughlin, David L. Paterson, Peter Krüger, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, Allen Cheng, Tim Uyeki, J. Kenneth Baillie, Frank Brunkhorst, Nichola Cooper, Olaf L. Cremer, James Galea, Helen L. Leavis, Mihai G. Netea, Kayode Ogungbenro, Asad Patawala, Ville Pettilä, Emma Rademaker, Manoj Saxena, Steven Tong Wendy Sligl, Taryn Youngstein, Marc Carrier, Beverley J. Hunt, Anand Kumar, Sylvain Lother, Saskia Middeldorp, Zoe McQuilten, Matthew D. Neal, Roger Schutgens, Simon Stanworth, Ryan Zarychanski, Neill K. J. Adhikari, Matthew Anstey, Emily Brant, A. Man, Cameron Green, Marie-Hélène Masse, Donald M. Arnold, Phillipe Begin, Richard Charlewood, Michaël Chassé, Mark Coyne, Jamie G. Cooper, James Daly, Iain B. Gosbell, Heli Harvala-Simmonds, Sheila MacLennan, David Menon, John F. McDyer, Nicole Pridee, David J. Roberts, Helen Thomas, Alan Tinmouth, Darrell J. Triulzi, Timothy Walsh, Erica M. Wood, Carolyn S. Calfee, Rashan Haniffa, Cecilia O’Kane, Murali Shyamsundar, Pratik Sinha, Ian Young, Shailesh Bihari, Ghady Haidar, Patrick B. Lawless, Alexandra Weissman, Niall D. Ferguson, Carol Hodgson, John G. Laffey, Neil Orford, Ary Serpa Neto, Rebecca M. Baron, Slava Epelman, Claudia Frankfurter, Frank Gommans, Edy Y. Kim, David E. Leaf, Colin McArthur, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Roland van Kimmenade, Ashish Sanil, Claire Zammit, Sara Bari, Wilma van Bentum Puijk, Wietske Bouwman, Erika Groenveld, Denise van Hout, Marion Kwakkenbos-Cranen, Mark Luttjeboer, Clementina Okundaye, Svenja Peters, Sophie Post, Linda Rikkert, Irma Scheepstra-Beukers, Gerwin Schreuder, Albertine Smit, Nicole Keijzer-Timmers, Candy Estevez, Ahmed Bacha, Chanez Lazizi Chemani, Nawal Derridj, Nicole Brillinger, René Markgraf, Kate Ainscough, Peter Doran, Antonio Luque-García, Aisha Anjum, Janis-Best Lane, Elizabeth Fagbodun, Lorna Miller, Karen Parry-Billings, Sam Peters, Alvin Richards‐Belle, Michelle Saull, Stefan Sprinckmoller, Daisy Wiley, Kim Basile, Julian Bion, Jason Connor, Simon Gates, Victoria Manax, Tom van der Poll, John Reynolds, Marloes van Beurden, Evelien Leffelaar, Joost Schotsman, Craig Boyd, Cain Harland, Audrey Shearer, Jess Wren, Giles Clermont, William Garrard, Kyle Kalchthaler, Daniel Ricketts, Salim Malakoutis, Oscar C. Marroquin, Edvin Music, Kevin Quinn, Udara Attanayaka, Sri Darshana, Pramodya Ishani, Upulee Pabasara, Ishara Udayanga, Kate Gilmour, Karen Pearson, Chris Siewerski, Sally-Anne Hurford, Emma Marsh, Debbie Campbell, Penny Williams, Kim Shirley, Meg Logan, Jane Hanson, Becky Dilley, Louise Phillips, Anne Oliver, Mihaela Sutu, Sheenagh Murphy, Latha Aravindan, Joanne Collins, Holly Monaghan, Adam Unsworth, Seonaid Beddows, Laura A. Dawson, Sarah Dyas, Adeeba Asghar, Kate Donaldson, Tabitha Skinner, Nhlanhla Mguni, Natasha Muzengi, Ji Luo, Joanna O’Reilly, Chris Levett, Alison J. Potter, David A. Porter, Teresa Lockett, Jazz Bartholomew, Clare Rook, Rebecca McKay, Hannah Williams, Alistair S. Hall, Hilary Campbell, Holly Speight, Sandra Halden, Susan T.L. Harrison, Mobeena Naz, Kaatje Lomme, Paula Sharratt, Johnathan Sheffield, William van’t Hoff, James D Williamson, Alex V. Barnard, Catherine Birch, Morwenna Brend, Emma S. Chambers, Sarah Crawshaw, Chelsea Drake, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Justin Graham, Heather Harper, Stephen Lock, Nicola McMillan, Cliodhna O’Flaherty, Eleanor OKell, Amber Hayes, Sally Sam, Heather Slade, Susan Walker, Karen Wilding, Jayne Goodwin, Helen Hodgson, Y Ellis, Dawn Williamson, Madeleine Bayne, SL Jackson, Rahim Byrne, Sonia McKenna, Alsion Clinton, Phoebe McCracken, Meredith Young, Emma Martin, Khaled El-Khawas, Angus Richardson, Dianne Hill, Robert J. Commons, Hussam Abdelkharim, Cameron Knott, Julie Smith, Catherine Boschert, Julia Affleck, Yogesh Apte, Umesh Subbanna, Roland Bartholdy, Thuy Frakking, Karuna Keat, Deepak Bhonagiri, Ritesh Sanghavi, Jodie Nema, Megan K. Ford, Harshel G. Parikh, Bronwyn Avard, Mary Nourse, Winston Cheung, Mark Kol, Helen Wong, Asim A. Shah, Atul Wagh, Joanna Simpson, Graeme Duke, Peter Chan, Brittney Carter, Stephanie Hunter, Russell Laver, Tapaswi Shrestha, Xia Jin, Adrian Regli, Susan Pellicano, Annamaria Palermo, Ege Eroglu, Samantha Bates, Miriam Towns, Yang Yang, Forbes McGain, James McCullough, Mandy Tallott, Nikhil Kumar, Rakshit Panwar, Gail Brinkerhoff, Cassandra Koppen, Federica Cazzola, Matthew Brain, Sarah Mineall, Roy Fischer, Vishwanath Biradar, Natalie Soar, Hayden White, Kristen Estensen, Lynette Morrison, Joanne Sutton, Melanie Cooper, Yahya Shehabi, Wisam Al‐Bassam, Amanda Hulley, Umesh Kadam, Kushaharan Sathianathan, Christina Whitehead, Julie Lowrey, Rebecca Gresham, Kristy Masters, James Walsham, Jason Meyer, Meg Harward, Ellen Venz, Kara Brady, Cassandra Vale, Kiran Shekar, Jayshree Lavana, Dinesh Parmar, Patricia Williams, Catherine Kurenda, Helen Miles, Antony Attokaran, Samuel Gluck, Stephanie O’Connor, Marianne J. Chapman, Kathleen Glasby, Kirsty Smyth, Margaret Phillips, Deborah Barge, Kathleen Byrne, Alana Driscoll, Louise Fortune, Pierre Janin, Elizabeth Yarad, Frances Bass, Naomi Hammond, Anne O’Connor, Sharon Waterson, Robert L. McNamara, Heidi Buhr, Jennifer Coles, Sacha Schweikert, Bradley Wibrow, Rashmi Rauniyar, Kush Deshpande, Pam Koneçny, Jennene Miller, Adeline Kintono, Raymond Tung, Edward Fysh, Ashlish Dawda, Bhaumik Mevavala, Bart De Keulenaer, Janet Ferrier, Priya Nair, Hergen Buscher, Claire Reynolds, Sally Newman, John D. Santamaria, Leanne Barbazza, Jennifer Homes, Roger Smith, Peter Garrett, Lauren Murray, Jane Brailsford, Loretta Forbes, Teena Maguire, Gerard Fennessy, John Mulder, Rebecca L. Morgan, Rebecca McEldrew, Anas Naeem, Laura Fagan, Emily L. Ryan, Vasanth Mariappa, Judith Smith, Scott A. Simpson, Matthew J. Maiden, Allison Bone, Michelle Horton, Tania Salerno, Martin Štěrba, Wenli Geng, Pieter Depuydt, Jan J. De Waele, Liesbet De Bus, Jan Fierens, Stephanie Bracke, Joris Vermassen, Daisy Vermeiren, Brenda Reeve, William Dechert, François Martin Carrier, Dounia Boumahni, Fatna Benettaib, Ali Ghamraoui, David Bellemare, Ève Cloutier, Rana Daher, François Lauzier, Charles Francoeur, Frédérick D’Aragon, Élaine Carbonneau, Julie Leblond, Gloria Vázquez‐Grande, Nicole Marten, Theresa Liu, Atif Siddiqui, Maggie Wilson, Martin Albert, Karim Serri, Alexandros Cavayas, Mathilde Duplaix, Virginie Williams, Bram Rochwerg, Tim Karachi, Simon Oczkowski, John Centofanti, Tina Millen, Kosar Khwaja, Josie Campisi, Erick Duan, Jennifer Tsang, Lisa Patterson, Eric Sy, Chiraag Gupta, Sandy Kassir, Demetrios J. Kutsogiannis, Patricia A. Thompson, Rob Fowler, Maneesha Kamra, Nicole Marinoff, Frances Clarke, Rebecca Kruisselbrink, Laurent Brochard, Karen E. A. Burns, Gyan Sandhu, Imrana Khalid, Shane English, Irene Watpool, Rebecca Porteous, Sydney Miezitis, Lauralyn McIntyre, Elizabeth Wilcox, Lorenzo Del Sorbo, Hesham Abdel‐Hady, Tina Romagnuolo, Wendy Sligl, Nadia Baig, Oleksa Rewa, Sean M. Bagshaw, Alexandra Binnie, Elizabeth E. Powell, Alexandra McMillan, Tracy Luk, Noah Aref, Suresh Babu, C. Vignesh, Augustian James, R. Ebenezer, Lakshmi Ranganathan, Sushil Khanal, Sameena Amatya, Hem Raj Paneru, Sabin Koirala, Pratibha Paudel, Kanchan Koirala, Namrata Rai, Subekshya Luitel, Binita Bhattarai, Ashok Panjwani, Zulfiqar Umrani, Shoaib Siddiq, Mohiuddin Shaikh, Nawal Salahuddin, Sobia Masood, Zdravko Andrić, Sabina Cviljevic, Renata Đimoti, Marija Zapalac, Gordan Mirković, Bruno Baršić, Marko Kutleša, Viktor Kotarski, Ana Vujaklija Brajković, Jakša Babel, Helena Sever, Lidija Dragija, Ira Kušan, Suvi T. Vaara, Leena Pettilä, Jonna Heinonen, Anne Kuitunen, Sari Karlsson, Annukka Vahtera, Heikki Kiiski, Sanna Ristimäki, Amine Azaiz, Cyril Charron, Mathieu Godement, Guillaume Géri, Antoine Vieillard‐Baron, Franck Pourcine, Mehran Monchi, David Luís, Romain Mercier, Anne Sagnier, Nathalie Verrier, Cecile Caplin, Jack Richecoeu, Danièle Combaux, Shidasp Siami, Christelle Aparicio, Sarah Vautier, Asma Jeblaoui, Delphine Lemaire-Brunel, Muriel Fartoukh, Laura Courtin, Vincent Labbé, Guillaume Voiriot, Sara Salhi, Gaëtan Plantefève, Cécile Leparco, Damien Contou, Grégoire Müller, Mai-Anh Nay, Toufik Kamel, Dalila Benzekri, Sophie Jacquier, Isabelle Runge, Armelle Mathonnet, François Barbier, Anne Bretagnol, Emmanuelle Mercier, Delphine Chartier, Charlotte Salmon, Pierre‐François Dequin, Denis Garot, Francis Schneider, Vincent Castelain, Guillaume Morel, Sylvie L’Hotellier, Julio Badié, Fernando Berdaguer, Sylvain Malfroy, Chaouki Mezher, Charlotte Bourgoin, Guy Moneger, Elodie Bouvier, Bruno Mégarbane, Sébastian Voicu, Nicolas Deye, Isabelle Malissin, Laetitia Sütterlin, Aymen Mrad, Adrien Lehalleur, Giulia Naïm, Philippe Nguyên, Jean-Michel Ekhérian, Yvonnick Boué, Georgios Sidéris, Dominique Vodovar, Emmanuelle Guérin, Caroline A. Grant, Christophe Guitton, Cédric Darreau, Mickaël Landais, Nicolas Chudeau, Alain Robert, Patrice Tirot, Jean Callahan, Marjorie Saint Martin, Charlène Le Moal, Rémy Marnai, Marie Hélène Leroyer, Pierre Moine, Nicholas Heming, Virginie Maxime, Isabelle Bossard, Tiphaine Nicholier, Bernard Clair, David Orlikowski, Rania Bounab, Lilia Abdeladim, Gwenhaël Colin, Vanessa Zinzoni, Natacha Maquigneau, Matthieu Henri-Lagarrigue, Caroline Pouplet, Jens Soukup, Richard Wetzold, Madlen Löbel, Lisa Starke, Patrick D. Grimm, André Finn, Gabriele Kreß, Uwe Hoff, Carl Hinrichs, Jens Nee, Stefan Hagel, Juliane Ankert, Steffi Kolanos, Frank Bloos, Daniela Nickoleit-Bitzenberger, Bernhard Schaaf, Werner Meermeier, Katharina Prebeg, Harun Azzaui, Martin Hower, Klaus-Gerd Brieger, Corinna Elender, Timo Sabelhaus, Ansgar Riepe, Ceren Akamp, Julius Kremling, Daniela Klein, Elke Landsiedel-Mechenbier, Sirak Petros, Kevin Kunz, Bianka Schütze, Stefan Kluge, Axel Nierhaus, Dominik Jarczak, Kevin Roedl, Gernot Gerhard Ulrich Rohde, Achim Grünewaldt, Jörg Bojunga, Dirk Weismann, Anna Frey, Maria Drayß, Matthias Goebeler, Thomas Flór, Gertrud Fragner, Nadine Wahl, Juliane Totzke, Cyrus Sayehli, Lorenz Reill, Michael Distler, Astrid Maselli, János Bélteczki, I Magyar, Ágnes Fazekas, Sándor Kovács, Viktória Szőke, Gábor Szigligeti, János Leszkoven, Daniel Collins, Kathy Brickell, Michelle Smyth, Patrick J. Breen, Sandra Spain, Gerard F. Curley, Natalie McEvoy, Pierce Geoghegan, Jennifer Clarke, Michael Scully, Siobhán Casey, Maeve Kernan, Aoife Brennan, Ritika Rangan, Riona Tully, Sarah Corbett, Aine McCarthy, Oscar Duffy, David F. Burke, Leanne Hayes, Lorna Murphy, Andy Neill, Bryan Reidy, Michael O’Dwyer, Donal Ryan, Oscar Hoiting, Marco Peters, Els Rengers, Mirjam Evers, Anton Prinssen, Huub L.A. van den Oever, Arriette Kruisdijk‐Gerritsen, Koen S. Simons, Tamara van Zuylen, Angela Bouman, Laura van Gulik, Jeroen Schouten, Peter Pickkers, Noortje Roovers, Margreet Klop-Riehl, Hetty van der Eng, Evert de Jonge, Jeanette Wigbers, Michael del Prado, Diederik van Dijk, Jelle Haitsma Mulier, Anna Peters, Birgit Romberg, Sjoerd van Bree, Marianne Bouw-Ruiter, Barbara Festen, Fiona van Gelder, Mark van Iperen, Margreet Osinga, Roel Schellaars, D H T Tjan, Ruben van der Wekken, Max Melchers, Arthur R. H. van Zanten, Eileen Guilder, Magdalena Butler, Keri-Anne Cowdrey, Melissa Woollett, Lynette Newby, Yan Chen, Catherine Simmonds, Rachael McConnochie, Caroline O’Connor, Jay Ritzema Carter, Seton Henderson, Kymbalee Van Der Heyden, Jan Mehrtens, Anna Morris, Stacey Morgan, Tony Williams, Alex Kazemi, Rima Song, Vivian Lai, Dinuraj Girijadevi, Robert Everitt, Robert M. Russell, Danielle Hacking, Ulrike Buehner, Erin Williams, Troy Browne, Kate Grimwade, Jennifer Goodson, Owen Keet, Owen Callender, Robert Martynoga, Kara Trask, Amelia Butler, Chelsea Young, Eden Lesona, Shaanti Olatunji, Leanlove Navarra, Raulle Sol Cruz, Katherine Perry, Ralph Fuchs, Bridget Lambert, Jonathan Albrett, Carolyn C. Jackson, Simon Kirkham, Nuno José Teodoro Amaro dos Santos Catorze, Tiago Nuno Alfaro Lima Pereira, Ricardo Manuel Castro Ferreira, Joana Margarida Pereira Sousa Bastos, Teresa Margarida Oliveira Batista, Simin Aysel Florescu, Dragos Stanciu, Mihaela Zaharia, Alma Kosa, Daniel Codreanu, Eman Al Qasim, Lolowa Alswaidan, Mohamed M. Hegazy, Hatim Arishi, Ali Al Amri, Samah AlQahtani, Brintha Naidu, Haytham Tlayjeh, Sajid Hussain, Farhan Al Enezi, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Rosana Muñoz-Bermúdez, Judith Marín‐Corral, Anna Degracia, F. Gómez, Maria Isabel Mateo López, Rafael León‐López, Jorge Rodriguez, Sheila Cárcel, Rosario Carmona, Carmen de la Fuente, Marina Rodríguez, Callum Kaye, Angela Allan, Charlotte Summers, Petra Polgarova, Stephen J McWilliam, Daniel B. Hawcutt, Laura Rad, Laura O’Malley, Jennifer Whitbread, Olivia Kelsall, Nicholas Cowley Laura Wild, Karen Austin, Adrian Donnelly, Martin Kelly, Naoise Smyth, Sinéad O’Kane, Declan McClintock, Majella Warnock, Ryan Campbell, Edmund McCallion, Paul D. R. Johnson, Shirley McKenna, Joanne Hanley, Andrew Currie, Barbara Allen, Clare Mc Goldrick, Moyra Mc Master, Rajeev Jha, Michael Kalogirou, Christine Ellis, Vashish Deelchand, Aibhilin O’Connor, Dipak Mukherjee, Agilan Kaliappan, Anirudda Pai, Mark Vertue, Anne Nicholson, Joanne Riches, Gracie Maloney, Lauren Kittridge, Amanda Solesbury, Kezia Allen, Jonathan A. Silversides, Peter McGuigan, Aisling O’Neill, Stephanie Finn, Barbara Phillips, Laura Oritz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Jeremy Bewley, Matt Thomas, Katie Sweet, Lisa Grimmer, Rebekah Johnson, Jez Pinnell, Matt Robinson, Lisa Gledhill, Tracy Wood, Jade Cole, Helen Hill, Angharad Williams, Emma Thomas, Rhys Davies, Matt P. Wise, David Antcliffe, Maie Templeton, Roceld Rojo, Phoebe Coghlan, Joanna Smee, Euan Mackay, Jon Cort, Amanda Whileman, Thomas Spencer, Nick Spittle, Sarah Beavis, Anand Padmakumar, Katie Dale, Joanne Hawes, Emma Moakes, Rachel Gascoyne, Kelly Pritchard, Lesley Stevenson, Justin Cooke, Karolina Nemeth-Roszpopa, Vidya Kasipandian, Amit Patel, Suzanne Allibone, Roman Mary-Genetu, Mohamed Ramali, HC Ooi, Alison Ghosh, Rawlings Osagie, Malka Arachchige, Melissa D. Hartley, Peter Bamford, Emily London, Kathryn Cawley, Maria Faulkner, Helen Jeffrey, Ashok Sundar Raj, Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Reena Khade, Gloria Agha, Rose Sekiwala, Tim D. Smith, Chris Brewer, Jane Gregory, James Limb, Amanda Cowton, Julie O’Brien, Kelly Postlethwaite, Nikitas Nikitas, Colin Wells, Liana Lankester, Helen McMillan, Mark Pulletz, Jenny Birch, Sophie Wiseman, Sarah Horton, Ana Alegria, Salah Turki, Tarek Elsefi, Nikki Crisp, Louise Allen, Sri Chukkambotla, Wendy Goddard, Stephen Duberley, Iain McCullagh, Philip A. Robinson, Bijal Patel, Sinéad Kelly, Omar Touma, Susan Holland, Chris Hodge, Holly A. Taylor, Meera Alderman, Nicky Barnes, Joana Da Rocha, Catherine C. Smith, Nicole Brooks, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Julie-Ann Sinclair, Yousuf Abusamra, Rónán Doherty, Joanna Cudlipp, Rajeev Singh, Haili Yu, Admad Daebis, Neil Christopher, Sara Kendrick, Anita Saran, Ahmed Makky, Louise Rowe-Leete, Alexandra Edwards, Yvonne Bland, Rozzie Dolman, Tracy Foster, Vanessa Linnett, Amanda Sanderson, Jenny Ritzema, Helen Wild, Divya Khare, Meredith Pinder, Selvin Selvamoni, Amitha Gopinath, Richard Pugh, Daniel Menzies, Richard Lean, Xinyi Qiu, Jeremy Scanlon, Kathryn Puxty, Susanne Cathcart, Chris Mc Govern, Samantha Carmichael, Dominic Rimmer, Hakeem Yusuff, Graziella Isgrò, Christopher E. Brightling, Michelle Bourne, Michelle Craner, Rebecca Boyles, Shiney Cherian, Gemma Williams, Christie James, Abby Waters, Malcolm Watters, Rachel Prout, Louisa Davies, Suzannah Pegler, Lynsey Kyeremeh, Aiman Mian, Marlies Ostermann, Neus Grau Novellas, Aneta Bociek, Stephen J. Brett, Sonia Sousa Arias, Rebecca Hall, Susan Jain, Abhinav Gupta, Catherine Holbrook, Jeremy Henning, Stephen Bonner, Keith Hugill, Emanuel Cirstea, Dean Wilkinson, Jessica Jones, Michal Karlikowski, Helen Sutherland, Elva Wilhelmsen, Jane Woods, Julie North, Dhinesh Sundaran, Laszlo Hollos, Susan Coburn, Anna Williams, Samantha Saunders, Philip Hopkins, John Smith, Harriet Noble, Maria Theresa Depante, Emma Clarey, Shondipon Laha, Mark Verlander, Alexandra Williams, Elankumaran Paramasivam, Elizabeth Wilby, Bethan Ogg, Clare Howcroft, Angelique Aspinwall, Sam Charlton, Richard Gould, Deena Mistry, Sidra Awan, Caroline Bedford, Andrew Hall, Jill Cooke, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Carolyn Maloney, Nigel J. Brunskill, Hafiz Qureshi, Neil Flint, Sarah Nicholson, Sara M Southin, Andrew Nicholson, Amardeep Ghattaoraya, Daniel Harding, Sinead O’Halloran, Amy Smith, Estefania Trues, Bárbara Borgatta, Ian Turner-Bone, Amie Reddy, Laura Wilding, Craig Wilson, Zuhra Surti, Loku Warnapura, Ronan Agno, Prasannakumari Sathianathan, Deborah Shaw, Nazia Ijaz, Dean Burns, Mohammed Nisar, Vanessa Quick, Craig J. Alexander, Sanil Patel, Nafisa Hussain, Yvynne Croucher, Eva-Maria Lang, Banu Rudran, Syed Gilani, Talia Wieder, Margaret Tate, David B.K. Golden, Miriam Davey, Rebecca Seaman, Tim Felton, Jonathan Bannard‐Smith, Joanne Henry, Richard Clark, K Birchall, Fiona Pomeroy, Rachael Quayle, Katharine Wylie, Anila Sukuraman, John McNamarra, Arystarch Makowski, Beata Misztal, Iram Ahmed, Kevin Neicker, Sam Millington, Rebecca Squires, Masroor Mubeen Phulpoto, Richard Stewart, Esther Mwaura, Louise Mew, Lynn Wren, Felicity Willams, Aneta Oborska, Rino Maeda, Selver Kalchko-Veyssal, Raji Prabakaran, Bernard Hadebe, Eric Makmur, G. Nicholls, Richard Innes, Patricia Doble, Libby Graham, Charmaine Shovelton, Vincent Hamlyn, Nancy Hawkins, Anna Roynon-Reed, Sean Cutler, Sarah Lewis, Juan Lazaro, Tabitha Newman, Pauline Austin, Susan Chapman, Louise Cabrelli, Simon Fletcher, Jürgens Nortje, Deirdre Fottrell-Gould, Georgina Randell, Katie Stammers, Mohsin Zaman, Einas Elmahi, Andrea Jones, Kathryn Hall, Kim Ryalls, Kate Harrington Helen Bowler, Jas Sall, Richard S Bourne, Zöe Borrill, Tracy Duncan, Thomas Lamb, Joanne Shaw, Kirstie Smith, Sarah Holland, Bethany Blackledge, Liam McMorrow, Laura Jayne Durrans, Jade Harris, Jeronimo Cuesta, Kugan Xavier, Dharam Purohit, Munzir Elhassan, Anne Haldeos, Rachel Vincent, Marwa Abdelrazik, Samuel Jenkins, Arunkumar Ganesan, Rohit Kumar, David Carter, Dhanalakshmi Bakthavatsalam, Matthew Rowland, Paula Hutton, Archana Bashyal, Neil Davidson, Clare Hird, Sally Beer, Manish Chhablani, Gunjan Phalod, Amy Kirkby, Simon Archer, Kimberley Netherton, Barbara J. Philips, Dee Mullan, Denise Skinner, Jane Gaylard, Julie Newman, Sonia Sathe, L Roche, Ellie Davies, Keri Turner, Henrik Reschreiter, Julie Camsooksai, Sarah Patch, Sarah M. Jenkins, Charlotte Humphrey, David Pogson, Steve Rose, Zoe Daly, Lutece Brimfield, Angie Nown, Dhruv Parekh, Colin Bergin, Michelle Bates, Christopher McGhee, Daniella Lynch, Khushpreet Bhandal, Kyriaki Tsakiridou, Amy Bamford, Lauren Cooper, Tony Whitehouse, Tonny Veenith, Malcolm A. B. Sim, Sophie Hay, Steven Henderson, Maria Nygren, Eliza Valentine, Amro Katary, Gill Bell, Louise Wilcox, Katy English, Ann Adams, Mandeep-Kaur Phull, Abbas Zaidi, Tatiana Pogreban, Lace Rosaroso, Daniel Harvey, Benjamin S. Lowe, Megan Meredith, Lucy Ryan, Anil Hormis, Rachel Walker, Dawn Collier, Sarah Kimpton, Susan H. Oakley, Kevin Rooney, Natalie Rodden, Emma Hughes, Nicola Thomson, Deborah McGlynn, Charlotte Clark, Patricia C. Clark, Andrew Walden, Liza Keating, Matthew Frise, Tolu Okeke, Nicola Jacques, Holly Coles, Emma Tilney, Emma Vowell, Martin Schuster-Bruce, Sally Pitts, Rebecca Miln, Laura Purandare, Luke Vamplew, Brijesh Patel, Debra Dempster, Mahitha Gummadi, Natalie Dormand, Shu Fang Wang, Michael Z. Spivey, Sarah Bean, Karen Burt, Lorraine Moore, Christopher Day, Charly Gibson, Elizabeth Gordón, Letizia Zitter, Samantha Keenan, Jayaprakash Singh, Ceri Lynch, Justyna Mikusek, Bethan Deacon, Evelyn Baker, John Hickey, Shreekant Champanerkar, Lindianne Aitken, Lorraine Lewis Prosser, Ajay Raithatha, Kris Bauchmüller, Norfaizan Ahmad, Matt Wiles, Jayne Willson, Irina Grecu, Jane Martin, Caroline Wrey Brown, Ana-Marie Arias, Emily Bevan, Thomas Craven, David Hope, Jo Singleton, Sarah J. Clark, Corrienne McCulloch, Ingeborg Welters, David Hamilton, Karen Williams, Victoria Waugh, David Shaw, Suleman Mulla, Alicia Waite, Jaime Fernandez Roman, Maria Lopez Martinez, Zudin Puthucheary, Timothy Martin, Filipa Santos, Ruzena Uddin, Maria Fernandez, Fatima Seidu, Alastair Somerville, Mari Lis Pakats, Priya Dias, Salam Begum, Tasnin Shahid, Sanjay Bhagani, Mark De Neef, Hélder Mota‐Filipe, Sara Mingos, Amitaa Maharajh, Glykeria Pakou, Aarti Nandani, Kate Tatham, Shaman Jhanji, Ethel Black, Arnold Dela Rosa, Ryan Howle, Ravishankar Rao Baikady, Redmond Tully, Andrew Drummond, Joy Dearden, Jennifer Philbin, Sheila Munt, Shameer Gopal, Jagtar-Singh Pooni, Saibal Ganguly, Andrew Smallwood, Stella Metherell, Alain Vuylsteke, Charles K. Chan, Saji Victor, Ramprasad Matsa, Minerva Gellamucho, Ben Creagh‐Brown, Joe Tooley, Laura Montague, Fiona De Beaux, Laetitia Bullman, Ian Kerslake, Carrie Demetriou, Sarah Mitchard, Lidia Ramos, Katie White, Michael Reay, Steve Jenkins, Caroline Tuckwell, Angela Watts, Eleanor Traverse, Stacey Jennings, Phil Donnison, Maggie Johns, Ruth Casey, Lehentha Mattocks, Sarah Salisbury, Paul Dark, Alice Harvey, Reece Doonan, Karen Knowles, Jonathan Hulme, Santhana Kannan, Sibet Joseph, Fiona Kinney, Ho Senya, Valli Ratnam, Mandy Gill, Jill Kirk, Sarah Shelton, Christian Frey, Riccardo Scano, Madeleine McKee, Peter Murphy, Matt Thomas, Ruth Worner, Beverley Faulkner, Emma Gendall, Kati Hayes, Hayley Blakemore, Borislava Borislavova, Colin Hamilton-Davies, Carmen Chan, Celina Mfuko, Hakam Abbass, Vineela Mandadapu, Susannah Leaver, Kamal Patel, Sarah Farnell-Ward, Romina Pepermans Saluzzio, John Rawlins, Dorota Banach, Ziortza Fernández de Pinedo Artaraz, Leilani Cabreros, Ian White, Maria Croft, Nicky Holland, Rita Pereira, Ahmed Zaki, David S. Johnson, Matthew Jackson, Hywel Garrard, Vera Juhaz, Louise Brown, Alistair Roy, Anthony Rostron, Lindsey Woods, Sarah Cornell, Suresh Pillai, Rachel Harford, Helen Ivatt, Debra Evans, Suzanne H Richards, Eilir Roberts, James D. Bowen, James Ainsworth, Thomas A. Clark, Stacey Atkins, Kelvin Lee, Russell Barber, Anette Hilldrith, Claire Hewitt, Pamela Bremmer, Geraldine Ward, Christopher Bassford, Farooq Brohi, Vijay Jagannathan, Michele Clark, Sarah Purvis, Bill Wetherill, Ahilanandan Dushianthan, Rebecca Cusack, Kim de Courcy-Golder, Karen Salmon, Rachel Burnish, Simon Smith, Susan Jackson, Winningtom Ruiz, Zoe Duke, Magaret Johns, Michelle Male, Kirsty Gladas, Satwinder Virdee, Jacqueline Swabe, Helen Tomlinson, Ben Attwood, Penny Parsons, Bridget Campbell, Alex Smith, Valérie Page, Xiao Bei Zhao, Deepali Oza, Gail Abrahamson, Ben Sheath, Chiara Ellis, Jonathan Rhodes, Thomas F. Anderson, Sheila Morris, Charlotte Tai, Amy Thomas, Alexandra Keen, Ascanio Tridente, Karen Shuker, Jeanette Anders, Sandra Greer, Paula Scott, Amy Millington, Philip D. Buchanan, Jodie Kirk, Craig Denmade, Girendra Sadera, Reni Jacob, Cathy Jones, Debbie Hughes, Stephen Digby, Nicholas Cowley, Laura Wild, David Southern, Harsha Reddy, Sarah Hulse, Mark Garton, Claire Watkins, Sara Smuts, Alison Quinn, Benjamin Simpson, Catherine McMillan, Cheryl Finch, Claire Hill, Josh Coope, Joanna Budd, Charlotte Small, Ryan O’Leary, Janine Birch, Emma Collins, Peter Alexander, Susan A. Ferguson, Katharine Sellers, Joanne Bradley-Potts, David Yates, Isobel Birkinshaw, Kay Kell, Zoë Scott, Harriet Pearson, Peter Adams, William Bain, Ian J. Barbash, Meghan Fitzpatrick, Christopher Franz, Mahwish Hussain, Georgios D. Kitsios, Brian Malley, Erin K McCreary, Kaveh Moghbeli, Brian Rosborough, Faraaz Shah, Andrew Schoenling, Varun Shetty, Tina Vita
Bibliographic record
VenueIntensive Care Medicine · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCOVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of ManitobaUniversité LavalUniversité de SherbrookeUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeSunnybrook Health Science CentreSt. Michael's HospitalHealth Sciences CentreUniversity of British Columbia
FundersFP7 HealthHealth Research Council of New ZealandNational Health and Medical Research CouncilCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université LavalNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteFiona Stanley HospitalMinderoo FoundationUniversiteit GentEisaiDepartment of Health and Social CareMedical Research CouncilUniversitair Ziekenhuis GentRoyal Adelaide HospitalMcGill UniversityMcGill University Health CentreNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchHealth Research BoardNational Institute of General Medical SciencesUniversité LavalWellcome TrustBreast Cancer Research FoundationEuropean CommissionNIHR Imperial Biomedical Research CentreAmgen
KeywordsLopinavirLopinavir/ritonavirMedicineHydroxychloroquineRitonavirInternal medicineRandomized controlled trialOdds ratioClinical endpointCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)VirologyViral loadAntiretroviral therapyDiseaseHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Abstract
PURPOSE: To study the efficacy of lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Critically ill adults with COVID-19 were randomized to receive lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, combination therapy of lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine or no antiviral therapy (control). The primary endpoint was an ordinal scale of organ support-free days. Analyses used a Bayesian cumulative logistic model and expressed treatment effects as an adjusted odds ratio (OR) where an OR > 1 is favorable. RESULTS: We randomized 694 patients to receive lopinavir-ritonavir (n = 255), hydroxychloroquine (n = 50), combination therapy (n = 27) or control (n = 362). The median organ support-free days among patients in lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and combination therapy groups was 4 (- 1 to 15), 0 (- 1 to 9) and-1 (- 1 to 7), respectively, compared to 6 (- 1 to 16) in the control group with in-hospital mortality of 88/249 (35%), 17/49 (35%), 13/26 (50%), respectively, compared to 106/353 (30%) in the control group. The three interventions decreased organ support-free days compared to control (OR [95% credible interval]: 0.73 [0.55, 0.99], 0.57 [0.35, 0.83] 0.41 [0.24, 0.72]), yielding posterior probabilities that reached the threshold futility (≥ 99.0%), and high probabilities of harm (98.0%, 99.9% and > 99.9%, respectively). The three interventions reduced hospital survival compared with control (OR [95% CrI]: 0.65 [0.45, 0.95], 0.56 [0.30, 0.89], and 0.36 [0.17, 0.73]), yielding high probabilities of harm (98.5% and 99.4% and 99.8%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Among critically ill patients with COVID-19, lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, or combination therapy worsened outcomes compared to no antiviral therapy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.814
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Randomized trial · Consensus signal: Randomized trial
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.813
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.814 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.035
GPT teacher head0.411
Teacher spread0.376 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designRandomized trial
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations100
Published2021
Admission routes2
Has abstractno