A Year of a Pandemic: the State of the Russian Budget System
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the first quarter of 2021 against the background of a slight recovery in economic activity and a continuing downward trend in real household incomes the RF consolidated budget revenues grew not only in nominal terms, but also in real terms compared to last year. The most active growth in real terms was demonstrated by tax revenues and VAT. Income taxes and social insurance payments related to the income of the population are significantly behind the rate of inflation. The formed positive trend in world oil prices, however, does not yet provide access to the level of last year’s oil and gas revenues of the federal budget. At the same time, the outstripping growth of non-oil and gas revenues, even with the increase in the total volume of federal budget expenditures above the rate of inflation, ensured the final positive balance of both the federal budget and the consolidated budget. In the first quarter of the year, spending on the national economy grew at a faster pace. The growth rate of social policy expenditures remains high. Sub-federal budget revenues also showed a pronounced upward trend, mainly due to federal transfers. There is a certain shift in emphasis from their non-target types to their target ones. Although the expenditures of the sub-federal budgets increased in real terms, the balance of the consolidated budgets remained positive. Nevertheless, in a number of regions, there is a budget deficit with a significant amount of deficit financing of expenditures. The values of the state subfederal debt decreased slightly, while the total amount of the country’s state internal debt increased significantly.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it