The impact of the first overseas empire on the modern French colonial service at war: the cases of Hubert Deschamps and Robert Garry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract How did French colonial officials, leagues removed from the metropole, decide whether to remain loyal to Vichy or to join de Gaulle in 1940? This article suggests that in addition to legalism, colonial administrators opted for Vichy in part because of a long-term anti-British imperial ethos. Cultivated in colonial circles, this ethos dwelled on humiliation by perfidious Albion in Québec, Mauritius, Madagascar and at Fashoda, rather than on points of imperial cooperation that might have been stressed, including Franco-British joint rule over the New Hebrides. In this sense, the first French overseas empire weighed mightily on mid-twentieth century colonial minds. The article focuses on two emblematic high ranking officials, Hubert Deschamps and Robert Garry. Of radically different political backgrounds, the pair served as key operatives for Vichy overseas. In so doing, they mobilized the memory of a Franco-British rivalry they saw extending from Agincourt to Mers-el-Kébir. Their colonial training coloured more than their 1940 decisions: it also conditioned the remarkable and parallel ways in which they recovered from the purges of 1944-1945.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.021 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".