The fate of sulfur of industrial origin in the pedosphere and hydrosphere near a sour gas plant in Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fate of technogenic sulfur released from a sour gas plant in Alberta (Canada) in the surrounding pedosphere and hydrosphere was assessed by chemical and isotopic techniques. The key to the successful use of stable sulfur isotopes in the case study was that sulfur emissions from the gas plant have δ 34 S-values near +22 % 0 , while δ 34 S-values near 0 %o found in several soil, groundwater, and surface water samples were assumed to represent preindustrial background values. Sulfur isotope analyses for total soil sulfur and groundwater sulfate indicated clearly increasing admixture of technogenic S with proximity to the emission source. In some groundwater and surface water samples, however, evidence for bacterial sulfate reduction was found. Since both the admixture of industrial sulfur and dissimilatory sulfate reduction cause increased δ 34 S-values for aqueous sulfate, it can be difficult to delineate the relative importance of both processes without using other chemical parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".