Inner ear organoids: progress and outlook, with a focus on the vascularization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The inner ear is a complex organ that encodes sound, motion, and orientation in space. Given the complexity of the inner ear, it is not surprising that treatments are relatively limited despite the fact that, in 2015, hearing loss was the fourth leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Inner ear organoid models are a promising tool to advance the study of multiple aspects of the inner ear to aid the development of new treatments and validate drug-based therapies. The blood supply of the inner ear plays a pivotal role in growth, maturation, and survival of inner ear tissues and their physiological functions. This vasculature cannot be ignored in order to achieve a truly in vivo-like model that mimics the microenvironment and niches of organ development. However, this aspect of organoid development has remained largely absent in the generation of inner ear organoids. The current review focuses on three-dimensional inner ear organoid and how recent technical progress in generating in vitro vasculature can enhance the next generation of these models.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".