Car Consumption Among Recent Immigrants and Refugees To Rural Nova Scotia: An Exploratory Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The problem of attracting and retaining immigrants and refugees to rural parts of Canada has recently emerged as a policy response to declining population growth outside of urban areas, with particular policy attention focused on immigration to the Atlantic Provinces. While there has been increased scholarly attention paid to the integration outcomes of recent immigrants and refugees to Canada who settle outside of major cities, the bulk of this research has focused on the settlement experiences of newcomers to smaller cities and suburban regions. Little attention has been paid to the settlement experiences of immigrants and refugees to rural parts of the country. Given the dominance of private car ownership for getting around rural Canada, this article examines how car consumption arises as a crucial component of the rural settlement process, both from the point of view of accessing services and employment, but also from the point of view of forming an affective connection to rural places. Grounded in an analysis of interviews with immigrants and refugees to North-eastern Nova Scotia, the authors develop two key findings. First, the lack of public transportation options in rural areas pushes newcomers to prioritize car ownership as a means of accessing employment and other crucial services. Second, participant narratives of car consumption reveal rural newcomers’ complex affective relationship to cars that highlight the importance of vehicles to developing a sense of independence and belonging, further underlining the role that cars play in rural Canada’s evolving identity as an immigration destination. Keywords: rural immigration, privately sponsored refugees, transportation disadvantage, car consumption, Nova Scotia ________________________________ Consommation d'automobiles parmi les immigrants et refugies recents dans les regions rurales de la Nouvelle-Ecosse : une etude exploratoire Le probleme d'attirer et de retenir des immigrants et des refugies dans les regions rurales du Canada est recemment apparu comme une reponse politique a la baisse de la croissance demographique a l'exterieur des zones urbaines, avec une attention politique particuliere axee sur l'immigration dans les provinces de l'Atlantique. Bien que les chercheurs s'interessent de plus en plus aux resultats de l'integration des immigrants recents et des refugies au Canada qui s'installent a l'exterieur des grandes villes, la majeure partie de cette recherche s'est concentree sur les experiences d'etablissement des nouveaux arrivants dans les petites villes et les regions suburbaines. Peu d'attention a ete accordee aux experiences d'etablissement des immigrants et des refugies dans les regions rurales du pays. Compte tenu de la predominance de la possession d'une voiture privee pour se deplacer dans le Canada rural, cet article examine comment la consommation de voiture apparait comme une composante cruciale du processus d'etablissement rural, a la fois du point de vue de l'acces aux services et a l'emploi, mais aussi du point de vue de la formation d’un lien affectif avec les lieux ruraux. A partir d'une analyse d'entrevues avec des immigrants et des refugies dans le nord-est de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, les auteurs developpent deux conclusions cles. Premierement, le manque d'options de transport public dans les zones rurales pousse les nouveaux arrivants a privilegier la possession d'une voiture comme moyen d'acceder a l'emploi et a d'autres services essentiels. Deuxiemement, les recits des participants sur la consommation automobile revelent la relation affective complexe des nouveaux arrivants ruraux avec les voitures qui mettent en evidence l'importance des vehicules pour developper un sentiment d'independance et d'appartenance, soulignant davantage le role que les voitures jouent dans l'identite evolutive du Canada rural en tant que destination d'immigration. Mots cles : immigration rurale, refugies parraines par le secteur prive, desavantage en matiere de transport, consommation de voiture, Nouvelle-Ecosse
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".