Managerial Attention and MNE Subsidiary Initiative in the Offshore Oil Industry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The roots of subsidiary initiative – entrepreneurial actions taken by subsidiaries that can change their role within the broader corporation or even overall corporate strategy – has been broadly studied at the organizational and external environmental level. Following calls to consider the role of individual managers in the undertaking of subsidiary initiative, this paper adopts the Attention Based View to consider the mediating role of managerial attention in the subsidiary initiative process. Using interview data from MNE subsidiaries in the offshore oil industry in Newfoundland, Canada, we find that individual characteristics – most notably entrepreneurial background, local identity and degree of local embeddedness help direct the attention of local managers to the external environment. This increases the propensity for subsidiary initiative. When promoting initiatives, it is necessary to gain the attention and help reorient an ally with the headquarters top management team to facilitate approval. This paper helps expand understanding of subsidiary initiative in international business and the as yet understudied role of middle managers’ attention in determining the incidence and approval of initiatives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".