<i>Puccinia punctiformis</i> . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia punctiformis . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Rust of Cirsium species only. Since 1923 there has been some interest in North America and New Zealand in using P. punctiformis as an agent of biocontrol against Cirsium arvense , which is a malicious weed in grassland, especially during the change from intensive to extensive management (ecological cropping systems may also increase the incidence of this weed). On its own, P. punctiformis does not contain the host, but studies have shown that populations of the host can decline by 95% when the rosette weevil, Hadroplontus [ Ceutorhynchus ] litura , is also present. The effectiveness is, however, questionable because rhizomes of creeping thistle grow faster than the fungus can pervade them. HOSTS: Cirsium arvense, C. incanum ( Compositae ). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, rare in the prairies), USA (California, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin). ASIA: Afganistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Russia (East Siberia, Omsk, Primorski krai), Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Bashkir Republic, Ivanovo, Karelia Republic, Kursk, Leningrad, Moscow, Nizhni Novgorod, Rostov, Samara, Saratov, Tatar Republic, Tver, Volgograd, Voronezh, Vyatka, Yekaterinburg), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: The mycelium survives in rhizomes of the infected plant and the next spring spreads up causing systemic infection of the new season's leaves and stems; urediniospores are disseminated by air currents; teliospores hibernate in the dead tissue of the host plant and then germinate to produce basidia with basidiospores, which re-infect the host plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".