The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Academic Performance in College Students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Smartphone addiction is a growing concern that can impact social, psychological, and health, while contributing to functional impairments. This study aimed to determine the relationship between smartphone addiction and the grade point average (GPA) of undergraduate college students in the U.S. METHODS: This descriptive study consisted of 53 undergraduate college students. The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and overall grade point average (GPA) was gathered via survey. The data was analyzed through Pearson’s correlation to demonstrate the association between these variables. FINDINGS: While not statistically significant at the α = .05 level, the results suggest an almost statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.210, p = .066) indicating a weak but noteworthy association between smartphone addiction and GPA. CONCLUSION: Smartphone addiction is a growing concern that has shown to impact quality of life in Asian countries. These results suggest further research with larger samples in the U.S. is needed to inform college students of the risks smartphone addiction can have on academic success.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".