The Changing-Atmosphere Infra-Red Tomography Explorer CAIRT – a proposal for an innovative whole-atmosphere infra-red limb imaging satellite instrument
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To improve our knowledge of the coupling of atmospheric circulation, composition and regional climate change, and to provide the urgently needed observations of the on-going changes and processes involved, we have recently proposed the Changing-Atmosphere Infra-Red Tomography Explorer (CAIRT) to ESA as Earth Explorer 11 candidate. CAIRT will be the first limb-sounder with imaging Fourier-transform infrared technology in space. By observing simultaneously the atmosphere from the troposphere to the lower thermosphere (about 5 to 115 km altitude), CAIRT will provide global observations of temperature, ozone, water vapour, as well as key halogen and nitrogen compounds. The latter will help to better constrain coupling with the upper atmosphere, solar variability and space weather. Observation of long-lived tracers (such as N2O, CH4, SF6, CF4) will provide information on transport, mixing and circulation changes. CAIRT will deliver essentially a complete budget of stratospheric sulfur (by observations of OCS, SO2, and H2SO4-aerosols), as well as observations of ammonia and ammonium nitrate aerosols. Biomass burning and other pollution plumes, and their impact on ozone chemistry in the UTLS region, will be detected from observations of HCN, CO and a further wealth of volatile organic compounds. The potential to measure water vapour isotopologues will help to constrain water vapour and cloud processes and interactions at the Earth’s surface. The high-resolution measurements of temperature will provide the momentum flux, phase speed and direction of atmospheric gravity waves. CAIRT thus will provide comprehensive information on the driving of the large-scale circulation by different types of waves. Tomographic retrievals will provide temperature and trace gas profiles at a much higher horizontal resolution and coverage than achieved from space so far. Flying in formation with the Second Generation Meteorological Operational Satellite (MetOp-SG) will enable combined retrievals with observations by the New Generation Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI-NG) and Sentinel-5, resulting in consistent atmospheric profile information from the surface up to the lower thermosphere. Our presentation will give an overview of the proposed CAIRT mission, its objectives and synergies with other sensors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".