The Early Permian Bolosaurid Eudibamus cursoris: Earliest Reptile to Combine Parasagittal Stride and Digitigrade Posture During Quadrupedal and Bipedal Locomotion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comprehensive description of the holotype skeleton is presented here for the first time of the lower Permian (Artinskian) reptile Eudibamus cursoris from the Bromacker locality of Germany since the brief description of the holotype in 2000. The holotype is essentially complete and is the only known bolosaurid represented by a well-preserved articulated skeleton. Included in the description here is a superbly preserved, partial, articulated second specimen of E. cursoris discovered at the same locality that includes a short portion of the vertebral column associated with the pelvis and right hindlimb. Descriptions of the holotype and new specimen add substantially to features of the skull and postcranium that not only confirm a bolosaurid assignment, but also add significantly to an already long list of structural features supporting an ability unique among Paleozoic vertebrates to reach relatively high bipedal and quadrupedal running speeds employing a parasagittal stride and digitigrade stance with the limbs held in a near vertical posture. Structural differences between the two specimens are restricted to the tarsi and are attributed to different ontogenetic stages of ossification, with the holotype representing a more juvenile individual, and the larger second specimen representing a more mature animal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".