Ni/Mn and Al Dual Concentration-Gradients To Mitigate Voltage Decay and Capacity Fading of Li-Rich Layered Cathodes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs) suffer from severe voltage decay and capacity fading which have hindered their practical application for years. Herein, Co-free LLO microspheres with Ni/Mn and Al dual concentration-gradients are constructed to mitigate the above obstacles. One concentration-gradient is an electrochemical active gradient (Ni/Mn), and the other is an electrochemical inert gradient (Al). XPS and soft and hard XAS after different cycles prove that the combination of dual concentration-gradients effectively mitigates interfacial reactions, structural evolution, and the generation of lower-valence Mn3+/Mn4+ or Mn2+/Mn3+ redox couples during cycling. As a result, the voltage fading rate of LLO cathode with dual concentration-gradients after 100 cycles is as small as 0.97 mV/cycle at 100 mA g–1. Furthermore, its capacity retention ratio is also as large as 84.1% after 400 cycles at 300 mA g–1. The combination of dual concentration-gradients in this work provides a way to develop advanced LLO cathodes for practical application in the near future.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it