Le règlement des différends internationaux économiques en Amérique du Nord après l’Accord Canada – États-Unis – Mexique (International Economic Disputes Settlement in North America after the United States - Mexico - Canada Agreement)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: Cet article se penche sur le reglement des differends internationaux economiques en Amerique du Nord apres l’Accord Canada – Etats-Unis – Mexique (ACEUM). Ce nouvel accord remplace l’Accord de libre-echange nord-americain (ALENA), mais il reproduit les trois memes mecanismes de reglement des differends que son predecesseur, avec certaines modifications. L’ALENA prevoyait un mecanisme general de reglement des differends, mais aussi un mecanisme special d’examen des droits antidumping ou compensateurs par des groupes speciaux binationaux, ainsi qu’un mecanisme de reglement des differends entre investisseur et Etat (RDIE) dans son celebre chapitre 11. La premiere partie examine les ameliorations apportees au mecanisme general de reglement des differends. La deuxieme partie etudie le maintien du mecanisme des groupes speciaux binationaux en matiere de dumping et de subventionnement. La troisieme partie met en lumiere le relâchement du mecanisme de (RDIE) dans l’ACEUM. L’article conclut qu’une continuite s’observe entre l’ACEUM et l’ALENA en matiere de reglement des differends, en ce qui concerne le mecanisme general et le mecanisme special pour le dumping et le subventionnement, alors qu’une rupture nette s’opere en matiere d’investissement avec le mecanisme de RDIE. English Abstract: This article examines the settlement of international economic disputes in North America following the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA). This new agreement replaces the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), but it reproduces the same three dispute settlement mechanisms of its predecessor, with some notable changes, especially in the areas of labor, environment and investment. NAFTA provided for a general dispute settlement mechanism, but also a special mechanism for reviewing anti-dumping or countervailing duties by binational panels, as well as an investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism in its famous Chapter 11. The first part examines the improvements made to the general dispute settlement mechanism. The second part examines the maintenance of the mechanism of binational panels on dumping and subsidization. The third part highlights the loosening of the (ISDS) mechanism in CUSMA. The article concludes that there is continuity between CUSMA and NAFTA in dispute settlement, with respect to the general mechanism and the special mechanism for dumping and subsidization, while a clear break occurs with the ISDS mechanism..
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".