Effect of different waste plastic fractions on the thermal kinetics and microstructural behaviour of bitumen used for bituminous mix
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The price of raw polymers used for making most of the waste plastics has confined the implementation of polymer modified bitumen (PMB) only to the major road projects. In view of the same, an attempt to make a PMB by such wastes was considered as a “state-of-art” in this investigation. Therefore, the different proportions of waste plastic fractions were blended with the pristine bitumen and the resulting blend characterized by thermal kinetics analysis, microstructural analysis, and Marshall mix design, respectively. The major findings have predicted the highest thermal stability of the blend was achieved by mixing plastic bags, plastic milk pouches, and plastic cups together in proportion of 2:0.25:1 to virgin bitumen with no thermal decomposition. Further, uniform dispersion of “bee-like structure” in that blend has reflected its homogeneity. Besides, such modified bitumen has elevated the Marshall quotient of the bituminous mix by 16%, which can preferentially be used in the rural roads safely, confirmed by Marshall mix design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".