The adult head morphology of Dascillus (L.) (Dascilloidea: Dascillidae) and Glaresis Erichson (Scarabaeoidea: Glaresidae) and its phylogenetic implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
External and internal structures of the adult head of Glaresis sp. and Dascillus cervinus are described in detail and compared with conditions found in other polyphagan representatives such as Rhipicera sp. and members of Staphyliniformia and Elateroidea. The structures examined do not support a clade Scarabaeoidea + Dascilloidea. No potential synapomorphic features of the head could be identifi ed. In Dascillus a very unusual confi guration of mouthparts is described for the fi rst time, notably the inframandibular antepipharynx. This complex apomorphic feature was also found in members of different groups of Elateroidea s.l., but not in other potentially related lineages. This suggests a possible monophylum ‘Elateroidea s.l. incl. Dascilloidea’. Additional new arguments for such clade are: characteristic scale-like setae on the galea and ligula; a ventrally expanded and bipartite foramen occipitale; a sclerotized tub-shaped prepharyngeal suspensorium; an epipharyngeal surface uniformly covered with microtrichia; similarly shaped mandibles with a concave ventral surface. Characteristics of Dascillus are the presence of a M. verticopharyngalis (plesiomorphic), the presence of two muscles of the posterior hypopharyngeal suspensorium, and bifurcate galeomeres II and ligular lobes. New arguments for a clade ‘Staphyliniformia incl. Scarabaeoidea’ are presented. The most important are the following: presence of a ‘craniobasimaxillary’ muscle; articulation of antennal club segments strongly excentric on outer margin of segments; distal club segment with characteristic sensory pouch; scapus with long bristle- or peg-like setae; ligula separated into a pair of oval shaped and anteriorly setiferous sclerites. Possible autapomorphies of Scarabaeoidea are the following: anterior part of clypeus projecting and covering the labrum; anterior clypeal margin concave and with a transverse row of trichia on its frontal or ventral surface; gula large, rectangular and strongly bulged; inner mandibular edge deeply interrupted by semimembranous lobe. Additionally, a revised terminology of head musculature is newly introduced for Coleoptera.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".