On the Benefits of Two Dimensional Metric Learning
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we study two dimensional metric learning (2DML) for matrix data from both theoretical and algorithmic perspectives. We first investigate the generalization bounds of 2DML based on the notion of Rademacher complexity, which theoretically justifies the benefits of learning from matrices directly. Furthermore, we present a novel boosting-based algorithm that scales well with the feature dimension. Finally, we introduce an efficient rank-one correction algorithm, which is tailored to our boosting learning procedure to produce a low-rank solution to 2DML. As our algorithm works directly on the data in matrix representation, it scales well with the feature dimension, keeps the structure and dependence in the data, and has a more compact structure and much fewer parameters to optimize. Extensive evaluations on several benchmark data sets also empirically verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it