Kinetic study on hydrolysis of isoamyl <scp>DL</scp> ‐lactate catalyzed by <scp>NKC</scp> ‐9
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The kinetics for hydrolysis of isoamyl DL‐lactate over cation‐exchange resin NKC‐9 was investigated in this paper, which was the prerequisite for a proper design of reactive distillation processes. The effects of mass transfer resistance, temperature, catalyst dosage, and the molar ratio of water to isoamyl DL‐lactate on conversion of isoamyl DL‐lactate were evaluated. The pseudo‐homogeneous (PH), Eley‐Rideal (ER), and Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (LH) models were then utilized to correlate the data obtained from experiments. Activities were used in the kinetics instead of the mole fractions because the reactants and products were not ideal. The activity coefficients were estimated by UNIFAC. It was demonstrated that the PH model was the best one to describe the hydrolysis of isoamyl DL‐lactate. The standard enthalpy was 5.46 kJ · mol −1 and the activation energy was 59.71 kJ · mol −1 . Finally, the thermal stability and reusability of NKC‐9 were also tested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".