The Tourism Life Cycle Model of Rural Development: A Case Study of Two Ethnic Villages in Southwest China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rural poverty is still a persistent and severe problem in the Global South. As the largest developing country in the world, China is committed to ending rural poverty by 2020. As a country strives to become the world’s new superpower, it faces a harsh reality of widening urban-rural disparities in education, living standards, health care, and community services. Therefore, China presents an intriguing case of how to achieve sustainable rural development while empowering the local community to promote social justice and maintain cultural identity. Based on our fieldwork done in two ethnic villages of Chongqing Municipality in Southwest China, we explore the social, cultural, economic, and ecological impacts of rural tourism on the local communities. Keywords: China, rural poverty reduction, sustainable development ------------ Le modèle de cycle de vie touristique du développement rural : une étude de cas de deux villages ethniques du sud-ouest de la Chine La pauvreté rurale reste un problème persistant et grave dans les pays du Sud. En tant que plus grand pays en développement du monde, la Chine s'est engagée à mettre fin à la pauvreté rurale d'ici 2020. Alors qu'un pays s'efforce de devenir la nouvelle superpuissance mondiale, il est confronté à la dure réalité des disparités urbaines-rurales croissantes en matière d'éducation, de niveau de vie, de soins de santé et de services communautaires. Par conséquent, la Chine présente un cas intrigant de la façon de parvenir à un développement rural durable tout en permettant à la communauté locale de promouvoir la justice sociale et de maintenir l'identité culturelle. Sur la base de notre travail de terrain effectué dans deux villages ethniques de la municipalité de Chongqing dans le sud-ouest de la Chine, nous explorons les impacts sociaux, culturels, économiques et écologiques du tourisme rural sur les communautés locales. Mots-clés : Chine, réduction de la pauvreté rurale, développement durable
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".