Pair production of magnetic monopoles and stable high-electric-charge objects in proton–proton and heavy-ion collisions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We describe pair-production models of spin-0 and spin-½ magnetic monopoles and high-electric-charge objects (HECOs) in proton–proton (pp) and heavy-ion collisions, considering both the Drell–Yan (DY) and the photon-fusion processes. In particular, we extend the DY production model of spin-½ HECOs to include Z 0 -boson exchange for pp collisions. Furthermore, we explore spin-½ and, for the first time, spin-0 production in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions. With matrix element calculations and equivalent photon fluxes implemented in MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, we present leading-order production cross sections of these mechanisms in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>14</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV pp collisions and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>NN</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.5</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV ultraperipheral lead–lead collisions at the LHC. While the mass range accessible in ultraperipheral lead–lead collisions is much lower than that in pp collisions, we find that the theoretical production cross sections are significantly enhanced in the former for masses below 82 GeV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".