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Record W3185940995 · doi:10.2147/imcrj.s322827

Machine Learning in an Elderly Man with Heart Failure

2021· article· en· W3185940995 on OpenAlex
Joel Koops

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Medical Case Reports Journal · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Canadian institutionsMemorial University of NewfoundlandHealth Sciences Centre
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHeart failureMedicineCardiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence and can be used to predict important outcomes in a wide variety of medical conditions. With the widespread use of electronic medical records, the vast amount of data required for this process is now readily available. The following case demonstrates the application of machine learning to an elderly man with heart failure. The algorithms used, namely, decision tree and random forest, both correctly differentiated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. This has important treatment and prognostic ramifications and can be completed at the point of care while awaiting confirmation via echocardiogram. Viewing the machine learning process through a patient-centered lens, as in this case, highlights the key role we as physicians have in the implementation and supervision of machine learning.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesResearch integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Case report · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.595
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0120.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.086
GPT teacher head0.475
Teacher spread0.389 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it