Parkinson' disease medication alters rat small intestinal motility and microbiota composition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to be associated with altered gastrointestinal function and microbiota composition. Altered gastrointestinal function is key in the development of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which is a comorbidity often observed in PD patients. Although PD medication could be an important confounder in the reported alterations, its effect per se on the microbiota composition or the gastrointestinal function at the site of drug absorption has not been studied. To this end, healthy (i.e., not PD model) wild-type Groningen rats were employed and treated with dopamine, pramipexole (in combination with levodopa/carbidopa), or ropinirole (in combination with levodopa/carbidopa) for 14 sequential days. Rats treated with dopamine agonists showed a significant reduction in the small intestinal motility and an increase in bacterial overgrowth in the distal small intestine. Importantly, significant alterations in microbial taxa were observed between the treated and vehicle groups, analogous to the changes previously reported in human PD vs HC microbiota studies. These microbial changes included an increase in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , and decrease in Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae . Importantly, certain Lactobacillus species correlated negatively with the plasma levels of levodopa. Overall, the results highlight the significant effect of PD medication per se on the gut microbiota, and the disease-associated comorbidities, including gastrointestinal dysfunction and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".