Experimental studies of catalyst deactivation due to carbon and sulphur during <scp>CO</scp> <sub>2</sub> reforming of <scp>CH</scp> <sub>4</sub> over Ni washcoated monolith in the presence of H <sub>2</sub> S
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study presents the CO 2 reforming of CH 4 over Ni coated monolith catalyst at 800°C and 101.325 kPa. The high CH 4 to CO 2 ratio employed in this study is similar to the CH 4 :CO 2 ratio of >1 found in biogas. Cordierite monolith samples (0.258 channels per m 2 ) washcoated with alumina are used for the experimental purpose. The study considers the combined deactivation effect due to sulphur poisoning and fouling due to carbon deposition. Four different cases with respect to the introduction and removal of H 2 S are considered. The rate of deactivation due to simultaneous carbon deposition and sulphur poisoning is much faster than the individual poisoning processes. The catalyst shows almost stable operation for 6 h without the presence of in the feed stream. From the conversion studies, it appears that the pre‐treatment of catalyst samples with H 2 S leads to negligible sulphur coverage. The sulphur poisoning effect is also found to be reversible.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".