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Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with 10 years of IceCube data

2025· article· en· W3186006724 on OpenAlexafffund
M. Ackermann, J. Adams, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Jean-Marco Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, Spencer Axani, Rishi Babu, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, Simeon Bash, Vedant Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, Jakob Beise, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, Lucas Bloom, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, Julia Book, Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, J. Braun, Bennett Brinson, Zoe Brisson-Tsavoussis, J. Brostean-Kaiser, Livia Brusa, Ryan T. Burley, Delaney Butterfield, Michael Campana, Ioana Caracas, Kiara Carloni, Jose Carpio, Sharmistha Chattopadhyay, Thien Nhan Chau, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, Brian Clark, A. Coleman, Peter John Cusack Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, Rebecca Corley, D. F. Cowen, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, Diyaselis Delgado, Sen Deng, Abhishek Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, P. Dierichs, Markus Dittmer, Alba Domi, Lincoln Draper, Hrvoje Dujmović, D. Durnford, Kaustav Dutta, M. A. DuVernois, Thomas Ehrhardt, Leonhard Eidenschink, A. Eimer, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, Sharif El Mentawi, Dominik Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, Waleed Esmail, John Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, K. Fang, Kareem Ramadan Farrag, A. R. Fazely, Anatoli Fedynitch, Nora Feigl, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, S. Fukami, Philipp Fürst, J. Gallagher, Erik Ganster, A. M. Pérez García, M. Ramirez-García, Gaurav Garg, Eliot Genton, L. Gerhardt, L. Gerhardt, C. Girard-Carillo, Christian Gläser, T. Glüsenkamp, J. G. González, S. Goswami, Alejandra Granados, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, S. Griffin, Spencer Griswold, Kathrine Mørch Groth, David Joseph Guevel, C. Günther, Pascal Gutjahr, C. Ha, Christian Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, Leon Hamacher, H. Hamdaoui, Martin Ha Minh, Michael Handt, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, Jonas Häußler, K. Helbing, Jonas Hellrung, J. Hermannsgabner, L. Heuermann, N. Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, Colton Hill, G. C. Hill, Ramy Hmaid, K. D. Hoffman, Sam Hori, K. Hoshina, Matheus Hostert, Wenjie Hou, Thomas Huber, K. Hultqvist, R. Hussain, Karolin Hymon, A. Ishihara, W. Iwakiri, M. Jacquart, Samyak Jain, Oliver Janik, M. Jansson, Minjin Jeong, Miaochen Jin, B. J. P. Jones, N. Kamp, D. Kang, W. G. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, Leonora Kardum, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, Akanksha Katil, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, Manish Khanal, A. Khatee Zathul, Ali Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, Yukiho Kobayashi, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, M. Kowalski, Tetiana Kozynets, Gerhard Krieger, J. Krishnamoorthi, K. Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, Ashok Kumar, Emma Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, Frederik Hermann Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, Kayla Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczyńska, J. Liao, M. Lincetto, Y. T. Liu, M. Liubarska, C. Love, L. Lu, Francesco Lucarelli, William Luszczak, J. Madsen, Else Magnus, K. B. M. Mahn, Yuya Makino, Elena Manao, Sarah Mancina, Alicia Mand, W. Marie Sainte, Ioana Codrina Mariş, S. Márka, Z. Márka, M. Marsee, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, Finn Mayhew, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, Sarah Mechbal, Andrés Medina, Maximilian Meier, Yarno Merckx, Lukas Merten, J. Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Yasutsugu Morii, R. Morse, Marjon Moulai, Tista Mukherjee, Richard Naab, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, J. Necker, Akshima Negi, Ludwig Neste, M. Neumann, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, K. Noda, A. Noell, A. Novikov, A. Obertacke Pollmann, Vivian O'Dell, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. D. Osborn, Erin O’Sullivan, Veronika Palušová, Hershal Pandya, N. Park, G. K. Parker, V. A. Parrish, Ek Narayan Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Teresa Pernice, J. Peterson, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Axel Ponten, Y. Popovych, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, Lilly Pyras, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, N. Rad, Martin Langgård Ravn, K. Rawlins, Zoë Rechav, Abdul Rehman, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, Benedikt Riedel, Adam Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, Gerrit Roellinghoff, Martin Rongen, Aske Rosted, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, I. Safa, J. Saffer, D. Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, Sourav Sarkar, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, P. Savina, Patrick Schaile, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, Lea Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, Felix Schlüter, Nick Schmeisser, T. Schmidt, J. Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Sonke Schwirn, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, Leo Seen, Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh, Minhye Seo, S. Seunarine, P. Sevle Myhr, Riya Shah, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, Ben Smithers, R. Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, D. Soldin, A. Stahl, Giacomo Sommani, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, Juliana Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter–Antonyan, A. Terliuk, Matthias Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, Alexander Trettin, R. Turcotte, Martin Unland Elorrieta, A. K. Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, A. Vaidyanathan, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Vara, F. Varsi, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, Sebastian Vergara Carrasco, S. Verpoest, D. Veske, A. Vijai, C. Walck, A. Wang, C. Weaver, Philip Weigel, A. Weindl, Jan Weldert, Alex Wen, C. Wendt, Johannes Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, Lucas Witthaus, Martin Wolf, Gerrit Wrede, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, R. Young, Shiqi Yu, T. Yuan, Angela Zegarelli, Shuo Zhang, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, Perri Zilberman, Melany Zimmerman

Bibliographic record

VenueThe European Physical Journal C · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicDark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsSimon Fraser UniversityInstitute of Particle PhysicsUniversity of AlbertaQueen's University
FundersOffice of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaOffice of Polar ProgramsCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsInstitute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityAlliance de recherche numérique du CanadaChiba UniversityKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseVillum FondenNational Research Foundation of KoreaMarsden FundBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungNational Science FoundationBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftMichigan State UniversityNational Research FoundationUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonVetenskapsrådetU.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Advanced CyberinfrastructureEuropean CommissionWestern Canada Research GridFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekNvidiaMarquette University
KeywordsDark matterCenter (category theory)Earth (classical element)AstronomyAstrophysicsPhysicsAstrobiologyChemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract The nature of dark matter remains unresolved in fundamental physics. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which could explain the nature of dark matter, can be captured by celestial bodies like the Sun or Earth, leading to enhanced self-annihilation into Standard Model particles including neutrinos detectable by neutrino telescopes such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. This article presents a search for muon neutrinos from the center of the Earth performed with 10 years of IceCube data using a track-like event selection. We considered a number of WIMP annihilation channels ( $$\chi \chi \rightarrow \tau ^+\tau ^-$$ χ χ → τ + τ - / $$W^+W^-$$ W + W - / $$b\bar{b}$$ b b ¯ ) and masses ranging from 10 GeV to 10 TeV. No significant excess over background due to a dark matter signal was found while the most significant result corresponds to the annihilation channel $$\chi \chi \rightarrow b\bar{b}$$ χ χ → b b ¯ for the mass $$m_{\chi }=250$$ m χ = 250 GeV with a post-trial significance of $$1.06\sigma $$ 1.06 σ . Our results are competitive with previous such searches and direct detection experiments. Our upper limits on the spin-independent WIMP scattering are world-leading among neutrino telescopes for WIMP masses $$m_{\chi }>100$$ m χ > 100 GeV.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.013
Threshold uncertainty score0.027

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.253
Teacher spread0.236 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations5
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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Same venueThe European Physical Journal CSame topicDark Matter and Cosmic PhenomenaFrench-language works237,207