Bibliographic record
Abstract
TRANSLATING (T) and INTERPRETING (I) are truly global linguistic activities, the WRITTEN process of Translating being by far the most common. The ORAL process of professional Interpreting takes several forms. LIAISON or ESCORT INTERPRETING, which usually proceeds sentence by sentence. COMMUNITY INTERPRETING, which is a demanding skill often required by law for the benefit of language- handicapped recent immigrants in their contacts with authorities, education or health workers (Australia, Canada, California). It is taught in graduate courses and involves certification procedures. Furthermore COURT INTERPRETING is a well-defined, specialized activity typically performed in the CONSECUTIVE mode for long stretches, also with certification procedures, occasionally on offer within a formal educational framework (California). Finally CONFERENCE INTERPRETING, notably when performed in the SIMULTANEOUS mode, is an exacting verbal skill preferably taught in post-graduate courses. Academic institutions offering professional T & I training are surveyed, similarities and differences are discussed, including the conceptual and pragmatic borderline between T & I. Future needs and developments, career prospects for intercultural communication, and media work are assessed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".