Geometric horizons in binary black hole mergers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We numerically study the algebraic properties of the Weyl tensor through the merger of two non-spinning black holes (BHs). We are particularly interested in the conjecture that for such a vacuum spacetime, which is zeroth-order algebraically general, a geometric horizon (GH), on which the spacetime is algebraically special and which is identified by the vanishing of a complex scalar invariant ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">D</mml:mi> </mml:math> ), characterizes a smooth foliation independent surface (horizon) associated with the BH. In the first simulation we investigate the level-0 sets of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mtext>Re</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (since <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mtext>Im</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> ) in the head-on collision of two unequal mass BHs. In the second simulation we shall investigate the level- ɛ sets of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo> </mml:math> through a quasi-circular merger of two non-spinning, equal mass BHs. The numerical results, as displayed in the figures presented, provide evidence that a (unique) smooth GH can be identified throughout all stages of the binary BH merger.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".