Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Indian economy is considered as a Middle Income Developing Economy. It is the world's third-largest economy by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) GDP and the sixth-largest by nominal. According to International Monetary Fund, India ranked 124th and 142nd by GDP (PPP) and GDP (nominal) respectively in 2020. In 1991 an acute balance of payments crisis and the end of the Cold War led to the adoption of a broad economic reform LPG (liberalization, privatization, and globalization) in India. The annual average GDP growth has been 6% to 7% since the 21st century. India was the world's fastest-growing major economy, surpassing China in four consecutive years 2014-2018. Historically, for most of the two millennia from the 1st until the 19th century, India was the largest economy in the world. India has been largely disruptive due to the economic impact of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. India has seen a downfall of 3.1% growth in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 2020. In 2020, India's partners were China, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Switzerland, and the United States.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".