Fault Prognosis of Satellite Reaction Wheels Using A Two-Step LSTM Network
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A satellite is a system or a body that rotates around the earth or another body in space. Artificial satellites are objects deliberately positioned into an orbit. An artificial satellite should be oriented in a specific direction for maneuvering and mission objectives. Orientation-keeping is achieved with the help of an attitude control system in a satellite. Any interruption in the satellite attitude control system can prompt satellite mission limitations. Reaction wheels are the most utilized actuators in satellite attitude control systems and are inclined to premature failure. In most cases, mechanical causes of reaction wheel failure occur due to inadequate bearing lubrication and uneven frictional torque distribution, which lead to variation in motor torque. In a real-life application, motor torque variations cannot be directly measured from the onboard sensor data; hence, estimating motor torque using the available measurable data with the help of a long-short term memory recurrent neural network is proposed in this study. The normalized root mean squared error values for both noisy and noise-free simulations yield 0.01, proving the applicability of the proposed method for fault prognosis of reaction wheels in the space industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".