The Effectiveness of Immediate Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection after Auricular Keloid Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The earlobe and helix are common sites for keloids following ear piercing. First-line therapy involves intra-keloidal excision followed by triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection. Yet, the optimal timing for TA injection after keloid excision remains debated. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes between immediate and delayed TA injection after auricular keloid excision. Methods: This was a prospective, controlled trial with patients randomized into immediate or delayed groups. The Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) were used to evaluate scar quality. The number of recurrent keloid cases was recorded, defined as a VSS height of 3, POSAS thickness greater than 5, or an increase in VSS height or POSAS thickness after keloid excision. Overall complications were recorded. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The immediate group contained 18 patients, and the delayed group had 16 patients. The mean age of patients was 25.52 years, and the mean maximum keloid diameter was 14.49 mm (7–32.5 mm). The immediate group reported a statistically significant lower recurrence rate than did the delayed group at 5 months (P = 0.042). No significant differences were noted between VSS and POSAS scores at 3 months, and no complications were recorded during the study. Conclusions: Immediate TA injection is an acceptable option for auricular keloid treatment. Here, it was associated with a lower recurrence rate than with delayed injection and resulted in no complications. The immediate and delayed groups had similar outcomes for VSS and POSAS.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".