A Calorimetric Study on the Phase Behavior of Tetra-<i>n</i>-butyl Phosphonium Bromide + CO<sub>2</sub> Semiclathrate Hydrate and Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Consumption─Impact of a Surfactant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents data on the phase behavior of tetra-n-butyl phosphonium bromide (TBPB) semiclathrate hydrate formed in the presence of CO2 at a stoichiometric concentration (2.57 mol % TBPB). A high pressure microdifferential scanning calorimeter (HP μ-DSC) was employed to measure the phase equilibrium data and identify the dissociation behaviors of TBPB + CO2 semiclathrate hydrate. It was found that the phase equilibrium conditions for TBPB + CO2 semiclathrate hydrate formed at 2.57 mol % TBPB were lower than CO2 hydrate formed in pure water and TBPB + CO2 semiclathrate hydrate formed at 0.5 mol % TBPB. The coexistence of CO2 hydrate (sI) and TBPB + CO2 semiclathrate were identified in the 2.57 mol % TBPB solution. When adding 500 ppm sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into the 2.57 mol % TBPB solution, CO2 hydrate disappeared and more TBPB + CO2 semiclathrate hydrate was formed. However, under the same temperature and pressure conditions, CO2 consumption during the formation of TBPB + CO2 semiclathrate hydrate was reduced when 500 ppm of SDS was added to the 2.57 mol % TBPB solution. Therefore, future work should aim to increase the CO2 storage capacity of TBPB semiclathrate hydrate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".