Prognostic Factors for Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy with Spacer Implantation in Patients with Medial Compartmental Knee Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: To identify the medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) prognostic factors with wedge-shaped spacer implantation (spacer-type MOWHTO) for varus medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.Methods: Patients who underwent spacer-type MOWHTO between August 2018 and September 2019 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups based on Western Ontario and McMasters University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores of 40 points at 1 year postoperatively: the effective group (n=88, 84.6%), with post-WOMAC scores 40 or less, and the invalid group (n=16, 15.4%), with post-WOMAC scores more than 40. The variables assessed at baseline and 1 year postoperatively including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA), Blackburn-Peel index (BPI), duration of symptoms and WOMAC score, were compared. Prognostic factors were analyzed using logistic regression, and the corresponding odds ratios were also calculated.Results: A total of 104 patients were enrolled in the study protocol at 1 year postoperatively. The WOMAC score decreased from 72.39±12.95 at baseline to 20.06±12.96 at 1 year postoperatively. The preoperative varus was corrected to a neutral position or to mild valgus. In addition, the PTSA was decreased. At the same time, the patellar height was not significantly changed postoperatively. Univariate analysis revealed that the significant predictors of the WOMAC score were age >70 years, BMI >30 kg/m², K-L grade IV, and pre-HKAA >10° (P<0.1 for all). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age>70 (OR=4.861) and K-L grade IV (OR=6.590) were significantly associated with the WOMAC score at 1 year postoperatively.Conclusion: Spacer-type MOWHTO is an effective treatment for osteoarthritis with varus deformity. The prognostic factors for spacer-type MOWHTO were age and K-L grade.Level of evidence: III
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".