Clinical Significance of Raynaud Phenomenon in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: There are limited reports of the clinical significance of Raynaud phenomenon (RP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with some suggesting RP is associated with less severe lupus. Since most prior studies were small and/or focused on a specific race/ethnic demographic, it is unclear if those results are generalizable. We evaluated whether RP was associated with demographic and clinical factors in a large multiethnic SLE cohort. METHODS: We studied Montreal General Hospital SLE cohort patients who are followed with standardized annual assessments. We included patients with at least 1 visit across 2011-2018 and assessed demographic and clinical variables (using the 1997 American College of Rheumatology criteria and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index) at their first visit. We present multivariate logistics regression analyses of cross-sectional associations between these variables and RP in SLE. RESULTS: Of 489 SLE patients, most were female (n = 445, 91%). Mean age at SLE diagnosis was 31.5 (standard deviation, 13.5) years, and 169 (34.6%) had RP. In our fully adjusted model, female sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-6.03), White race/ethnicity (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.10-3.17), neurological/neuropsychiatric manifestations (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.10-3.56), and anti-RNP antibodies (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.73-5.38) were positively associated with RP, whereas hemolytic anemia and cellular casts were negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS/DISCUSSION: Over one third of our large multiethnic North American SLE cohort had RP. This study confirmed associations between RP and a specific SLE phenotype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".