Accelerating Distributed Learning in Non-Dedicated Environments
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly trained with distributed workers possessing heterogeneous resources. In such scenarios, model training efficiency may be negatively affected by <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">stragglers</i> —workers that run much slower than others. Efficient model training requires eliminating such stragglers, yet for modern ML workloads, existing load balancing strategies are inefficient and even infeasible. In this article, we propose a novel strategy, called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">semi-dynamic load balancing</i> , to eliminate stragglers of distributed ML workloads. The key insight is that ML workers shall be load-balanced at <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">iteration boundaries</i> , being non-intrusive to intra-iteration execution. Based on it we further develop LB-BSP, an integrated worker coordination mechanism that adapts workers’ load to their instantaneous processing capabilities—by right-sizing the sample batches at the synchronization barriers. We have designed distinct load tuning algorithms for ML in CPU clusters, in GPU clusters as well as in federated learning setups, based on their respective characteristics. LB-BSP has been implemented as a Python module for ML frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch. Our EC2 deployment confirms that LB-BSP is practical, effective and light-weight, and is able to accelerating distributed training by up to 54 percent.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it