Effect of water-to-cement ratio on cracking resistance of concrete at early age in restrained ring specimens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nowadays, low water-to-cement (w/c) ratio has been put into widespread use in engineering practice. However, low w/c ratio may give rise to high self-desiccation, which may lead to the decrease of early-age cracking resistance. Investigating the impact of w/c ratio on cracking resistance is utterly meaningful to better understand the cracking mechanism of concrete. However, the corresponding investigations remain lacking, especially when the ring test is utilized. In the present study, ring tests for three concrete mixtures with different w/c ratios were conducted to investigate the early-age cracking resistance of concrete from multiple parameters. Results showed that (i) the development rate of shrinkage of concrete for mixture W50 was slower than that for mixtures W33 and W40; (ii) the value and development rate of residual stress of concrete decreased when the w/c ratio increased; (iii) the relaxed stress for all mixtures developed rapidly at very early age, and reached the maximum value quickly; (iv) the cracking resistance of concrete increased when the w/c ratio increased at early age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".