Gray matter blood‐brain barrier water exchange dynamics are reduced in progressive multiple sclerosis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background and Purpose To compare transcapillary wall water exchange, a putative marker of cerebral metabolic health, in brain T 2 white matter (WM) lesions and normal appearing white and gray matter (NAWM and NAGM, respectively) in individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and healthy controls (HC). Methods Dynamic‐contrast‐enhanced 7T MRI data were obtained from 19 HC and 23 PMS participants. High‐resolution pharmacokinetic parametric maps representing tissue microvascular and microstructural properties were created by shutter‐speed (SS) paradigm modeling to obtain estimates of blood volume fraction (v b ), water molecule capillary efflux rate constant ( k po ), and the water capillary wall permeability surface area product ( P w S ≡ v b *k po ). Linear regression models were used to investigate differences in (i) k po and P w S between groups in NAWM and NAGM, and (ii) between WM lesions and NAWM in PMS. Results High‐resolution parametric maps were produced to visualize tissue classes and resolve individual WM lesions. Normal‐appearing gray matter k po and P w S were significantly decreased in PMS compared to HC ( p ≤ .01). Twenty‐one T 2 WM lesions were analyzed in 10 participants with PMS. k po was significantly decreased in WM lesions compared to PMS NAWM ( p < .0001). Conclusions Transcapillary water exchange is reduced in PMS NAGM compared to HC and is further reduced in PMS WM lesions, suggesting pathologically impaired brain metabolism. k po provides a sensitive measure of cerebral metabolic activity and/or coupling, and can be mapped at higher spatial resolution than conventional imaging techniques assessing metabolic activity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it