Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: An International, Multicenter Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly considered for selected olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of SRS for OGMs. METHODS: From 20 institutions participating in the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation, we pooled patients who underwent SRS for histologically confirmed or radiologically suspected WHO grade I OGMs and were followed for 6 mo or more after the SRS. RESULTS: In total, 278 (median age 57 yr) patients underwent SRS for histologically confirmed (29%) or radiologically suspected (71%) WHO grade I OGMs Median treatment volume was 4.60 cm3 (range: 0.12-27.3 cm3), median prescription dose was 12 Gy, and median dose to the olfactory nerve was 11.20 Gy. During median post-SRS imaging follow-up of 39 mo (range: 6-240 mo), 43% of patients had partial or marginal response, 54% of patients had stable disease, and 3% of patients experienced progression. During median post-SRS clinical follow-up of 51 mo (range: 6-240 mo), 36 (13%) patients experienced clinical and/or radiological adverse radiation events (AREs). Elevated risk of AREs was associated with larger OGM volume (P = .009) and pre-SRS peritumoral T2/fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery signal abnormalities (P < .001). After the SRS, olfaction remained stable, improved, or deteriorated in 90%, 8%, and 2% of patients, respectively. Complete post-SRS anosmia was predicted by partial/complete anosmia before the SRS (odds ratio [OR] = 83.125; 95% CI [24.589-281.01], P < .001) and prior resection of OGM (OR = 3.919; 95% CI [1.713-8.970], P = .001). CONCLUSION: SRS is associated with durable local control of the majority of OGM patients with acceptable safety profile. SRS allows preservation or improvement of olfactory function in the majority of OGM patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".