Effect of hydrogen sulfide on glycolysis‐based energy production in mouse erythrocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a gasotransmitter that regulates both physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammalian cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that H 2 S promotes aerobic energy production in the mitochondria in response to hypoxia, but its effect on anaerobic energy production has yet to be established. Glycolysis is the anaerobic process by which ATP is produced through the metabolism of glucose. Mammalian red blood cells (RBCs) extrude mitochondria and nucleus during erythropoiesis. These cells would serve as a unique model to observe the effect of H 2 S on glycolysis‐mediated energy production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of H 2 S on glycolysis‐mediated energy production in mitochondria‐free mouse RBCs. Western blot analysis showed that the only H 2 S‐generating enzyme expressed in mouse RBCs is 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST). Supplement of the substrate for MST stimulated, but the inhibition of the same suppressed, the endogenous production of H 2 S. Both exogenously administered H 2 S salt and MST‐derived endogenous H 2 S stimulated glycolysis‐mediated ATP production. The effect of NaHS on ATP levels was not affected by oxygenation status. On the contrary, hypoxia increased intracellular H 2 S levels and MST activity in mouse RBCs. The mitochondria‐targeted H 2 S donor, AP39, did not affect ATP levels of mouse RBCs. NaHS at low concentrations (3–100 μM) increased ATP levels and decreased cell viability after 3 days of incubation in vitro. Higher NaHS concentrations (300–1000 μM) lowered ATP levels, but prolonged cell viability. H 2 S may offer a cytoprotective effect in mammalian RBCs to maintain oxygen‐independent energy production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".