Tributando o Superávit Cooperativo Internacional Durante e Após a Pandemia: Quatorze Maneiras (Taxing International Cooperative Surplus During and After the Pandemic: Fourteen Ways)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Portuguese Abstract: Existem pelo menos quatorze maneiras de paises reivindicarem mais da receita globalmente produzida por meio da cooperacao transfronteirica, a qual pode ser utilizada para fazer frente aos estragos economico-fiscais causados pelo COVID-19. Este capitulo examina as quatorze e argumenta que, entre elas, as que buscam tributar fluxos de receita na fonte tem a melhor chance de alterar a distribuicao do superavit cooperativo internacional no curto prazo, desde que superadas algumas formalidades. English Abstract: There are at least fourteen ways for countries to claim more of the revenue globally produced through cross-border cooperation, which can be used to address the economic-fiscal crises brought about by COVID-19. This chapter examines the fourteen and argues that, among them, those seeking to tax revenue streams at source have the best chance of changing the distribution of the international cooperative surplus in the short term, provided that some formalities are overcome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".