Layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of polyethersulphone microfiltration membranes for dye removal and flux recovery improvement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Commercial polyethersulphone (PES) microfiltration (MF) membranes were modified with sulphuric acid, chitosan (CHS), and graphene oxide (GO) by the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly method via electrostatic interaction using a pressurized filtration system. The sulphonation of the PES MF membranes was achieved through the filtration of a 10 wt.% sulphuric acid solution. The negatively charged surface of the PES MF membrane allowed the interaction between amino groups present in CHS, and finally, the membrane substrate received a negatively charged layer through the filtration of a GO solution. Characterization analysis such as contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) proved that the membranes were successfully modified. The effect of CHS and GO masses were analyzed, the membrane that showed the best performance was MF CHS 1 GO 0.5 with a rejection of 100% of the Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye, hydraulic permeability of 10.18 L/m 2 · h · bar, and flux recovery ratio of 71.21%. Also, this membrane was able to be reused in three cycles, maintaining a rejection of RB5 higher than 85% during the last cycle. Therefore, the study provides an interesting alternative for the removal of anionic dyes solubilized in water from the textile industry.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".