Durability and Cross-Reactivity of Immune Responses Induced by an AS03-Adjuvanted Plant-Based Recombinant Virus-Like Particle Vaccine for COVID-19
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract As the SARS-COV-2 pandemic evolves, what is expected of vaccines extends beyond efficacy to include consideration of both durability and variant cross-reactivity. This report expands on previously reported immunogenicity results from a Phase 1 trial of an AS03-adjuvanted, plant-based coronavirus-like particle (CoVLP) displaying the spike (S) glycoprotein of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus in healthy adults 18-49 years of age ( NCT04450004 ). When humoral and cellular responses against the ancestral strain were evaluated 6 months post-second dose (D201), 100% of vaccinated individuals retained binding antibodies, and ∼95% retained neutralizing antibodies; interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) responses directed against the ancestral S protein were also still detectable in ∼94% and ∼92% of vaccinees respectively. Variant-specific, cross-reactive neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels were assessed at D42 and D201 using both live wild-type and pseudovirion assays (Alpha, Beta, Gamma) or the wild-type assay alone (Delta, Omicron). In the wild-type assay, broad cross-reactivity was detected against all variants at D42 (100% Alpha and Delta, 94% Beta and Gamma, 74% Omicron). At D201, cross-reactive antibodies were detectable in almost all participants against Alpha, Gamma and Delta variants (94%) and the Beta variant (83%) and in a smaller proportion against Omicron (44%). Results were similar in the pseudovirion assay (D42, 100% cross-reactivity to Alpha and Gamma variants, 95% to Beta variant, D201, 94% for Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants). These data suggest that two doses of 3.75 µg CoVLP+AS03 elicit a durable and cross-reactive response that persists for at least 6 months post-vaccination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".